EDUCATION

Education
social institution guiding a societys transmission of knowledge including basic facts, job skills, and cultural norms and values to its members

KNOWLEDGE

BEHAVIORS

EDUCATION

SKILLS

VALUES

Schooling
instruction under the direction of specially trained teachers
- in pre-industrial society, schooling is only available for the rich - industrial societies embrace the concept of mass education - in Japan, education is a reflection of personal ability where as in the US, income plays a big part in determining who gets access to quality education

Learning
PRODUCT OF SOCIALIZATION
CULTURE : GENERATION TO GENERATION Alteration of behavior resulting from informal or formal education

Perspective of Education
FORMAL INFORMAL NONFORMAL

Education system

Lifelong process

Educational activities outside formal system

Predetermined Functions of Education

1. 2. 3. 4. Socialization Cultural innovation through research Social integration Social placement

Latent Functions of Education

1. Child Care 2. Establishing networks and relationships 3. Development of a hierarchy of the learned 4. Hidden curriculum - the way certain cultural values
and attitudes, such as conformity and obedience to authority, are transmitted through implied demands in the everyday rules and routines of school

Educational Institutions
Social Service Agencies

The Family

Mass Media

Religion

The Child (Learner)

Special Interest Groups

The Work Place

Social Class

Peer Group

Education and Conflict

Education as a conserving force Competition Cooling Out the Failures Give The Answer The Teacher Expects

Conformity: Dress Codes and Schedules

Education as a conserving force

education system as conservative because its goal is the maintenance and preservation of culture and society.
Example: "Politics of the Classroom." Seldom are students taught to consider the viability of alternate approaches. How often have you been taught about Karl Marx and world government in High school? When we raise controversial subjects, pressure is brought to bear to rectify the situation

Competition
Schools teach one to be competitive.
(athletic teams, cheer leading squads, debate teams, choruses, drill teams, bands, and casts for dramatic plays)

Grading is obviously one component of the competition Hidden lessons" embedded in such competition
The first lesson is the idea that "your class mates are your enemies" and the second is "the fear of failure

Cooling Out the Failures

Classroom is not only an area where students "learn to succeed," they also learn how to fail
Cooling-out" refers to the process where schools handle "the failures Citizens must not identify the social system with the problems experienced by ordinary people. The blame has to be directed at the individual

Steps in the Cooling Out Process

1. Self Selection.
Many students do not even have to be cooled-out, because they learned at an early age "that they were stupid."

2. The Ideology of Stupidity.

Schools teach students that people make their own way up the latter of success based on their own abilities. If you do not make it, it is your own fault.

Steps in the Cooling Out Process

3. The School Counselor.
Counselors will direct you to areas that are "more suited to your abilities.

4. Look at those Who Passed.

Point to members from that student's particular group who have made it

Give the Answer the Teacher Expects

The student learns to answer questions about what teachers expects.
The belief in order is so important that schools rate teachers, not on their ability to get students to learn, but on their ability to keep quiet and order in the class room.

Conformity: Dress Codes and Schedules

The quest for conformity may take the form of "dress codes.
Among the constraints placed on the individual freedom are constraints related to "the clock."Activities begin and end on highly regimented schedules and no one addresses these activities according to the interest of the student or the learning obtained.