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Motor vehicles are a combination of many different systems all made up of separate items. All these systems have to be brought together and mounted on some form of frame or body shell to form a chassis. The chassis comprises the following. Frame or body shell forms the skeleton of the vehicle Engine acts as the power unit Transmission conveys the drive to the road wheels Suspension absorbs the road shocks Steering controls the direction of movement Brakes slows down the vehicle Electrical equipment provides lighting, engine starting and other driver needs.
All vehicles are made up of separate systems and components, they have their own purpose and operation, however, all of these systems are brought together to give us the modern motor vehicle.
Composite Construction
Integral Construction
Active Systems
Active safety systems are operating all the time i.e. they are not waiting for an accident to occur. Antilock brakes Electronically controlled system to prevent the wheels from locking and skidding when the brakes are applied. This helps the driver maintain control when braking. Aerodynamic stability A stable car is less likely to go out of control Dual circuit brakes Standard on all modern cars, if one brake pipe bursts, the brakes will still work on at least two wheels. Comfortable driving position The driver is more likely to be able to react to potential trouble. Safety glass Toughened glass shatters on impact into small road granules which do not cause cuts, but vision is impaired. Modern laminated glass resists heavy impacts without shattering and vision remains good Good ventilation Helps to keep the driver awake and alert. Efficient bad weather equipment Good lights and good windscreen wipers, to name just two parts, ensure the driver can see and be seen.
Seat Belts
Seat belts are used to restrain passengers in their seats during an accident. They are made from tough nylon straps. The seat belt buckle provides a strong locking mechanism, but must also be easy to lock and unlock. Seat belts have a retractor that ensures the belt is constantly kept under slight tension. When the belt is removed, the retractor automatically recoils the strap out of the way.
Seat Belts
Some vehicles incorporate a seat belt reminder system. When a seat belt is not fastened correctly, a warning lamp is illuminated on the dashboard. Some systems also use an audible warning. These systems usually use two switches, the seat belt buckle switch and a pressure sensitive switch, under the seat. A modern vehicle has seat belts that are fitted with pretensioners. They are activated in the event of a crash. The control module fires a pyrotechnic device, which tensions the seat belt, keeping the driver in a safe position, ready for air bag activation.
Air Bag
An air bag system comprises the following components: Impact Sensors. Safing Sensor. Control Module. Air Bag Module.
The system works by rapidly inflating a nylon air bag, immediately after a large impact. The air bag helps to protect the driver (and passengers in most vehicles) from serious injury. When the ignition is switched on, the air bag lamp is illuminated, until a self test of the air bag circuit is completed.
Rear quarter
The boot lid is a hinged cover over the boot. The boot is used as an area to store luggage or other items.
The doors are used as a means for the vehicle passengers to enter and leave the vehicle. When closed, the doors help to strengthen the vehicle.
Doors
Mid-engine, rear wheel drive engines provide good vehicle handling and good traction at the rear wheels. They are normally found on two-seat sports cars where these factors are important.
Terminology
Chassis The basic frame for a motor vehicle A Post - The post on which the front door hinges are fixed. Body mounting Fittings for mounting the body to the chassis for older type cars or heavier vehicles. Composite construction - The chassis and body of the vehicle are built as two separate units, Integral construction Most modern light vehicles use this method, also called mono or unity construction. The body and chassis are combined. Car derived van A van which is based on a similar car. Body panels Wings, bonnet and door for example. BC Post The centre post, the B post has the front door striker plate and the C has the hinges for the rear doors. Only appropriate to four/five door vehicles. D Post The rear post on which the rear door striker is fitted. Front door striker if a two/three door vehicle.
Terminology
FWD Front Wheel Drive RWD Rear Wheel Drive AWD All Wheel Drive 4WD Four Wheel Drive Off side In the UK, this is the right hand side when in the drivers seat. Near side In the UK, this is the left hand side when in the drivers seat. Light Vehicle Normally classified as a car or van of less than three tonnes Light vehicle types These range from small two seater sports cars to quite large people carriers (such as the Ford Galaxy). Also included are light commercial vehicles such as vans and pick-up trucks. Vehicle systems A set of related components on the vehicle. For example, all components used to make the brakes work are described simply as the braking system.