Chapter 8 Basic RL and RC Circuits

Copyright 2013 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.

Applying KVL:
di R i 0 dt L

We can solve for the natural response if we know the initial condition i(0)=I0: i(t)=I0e-Rt/L for t>0
Copyright 2013 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
2

Show that the voltage v(t) will be -12.99 volts at t=200 ms.
Copyright 2013 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
3

The time constant =L/R determines the rate of decay.

i(t ) I0e

t /

Copyright 2013 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
4

Applying KCL:

dv 1 v 0 dt RC
We can solve for the natural response if we know the initial condition v(0)=V0 v(t)=V0e-t/RC for t>0
Copyright 2013 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
5

The time constant is =RC

Copyright 2013 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.

Show that the voltage v(t) is 321 mV at t=200 s.

Copyright 2013 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.

The time constant of a single-inductor circuit will be =L/Req where Req is the resistance seen by the inductor.

Example: Req=R3+R4+R1R2 / (R1+R2)

Copyright 2013 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
8

The time constant of a single-capacitor circuit will be =ReqC where Req is the resistance seen by the capacitor.

Example: Req=R2+R1R3 / (R1+R3)

Copyright 2013 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
9

The voltage on a capacitor or the current through a inductor is the same prior to and after a switch at t=0. Resistor voltage (or current) prior to the switch v(0-) can be different from the voltage after the switch v(0+). All voltages and currents in an RC or RL circuit follow the same natural response e-t/.
Copyright 2013 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
10

Find i1(t) and iL(t) for t>0.

Answer: =20 s; i1=-0.24e-t/,iL=0.36e-t/ for t>0

Copyright 2013 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
11

The unit-step function u(t) is a convenient notation to respresent change:

Copyright 2013 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.

12

The unit step models a double-throw switch.

A single-throw switch is open circuit for t<0, not short circuit.

Copyright 2013 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
13

Rectangular pulse

Pulsed sinewave:
Copyright 2013 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
14

The two circuits shown both have i(t)=0 for t<0 and are also the same for t>0. We now have to find both the natural response and and the forced response due to the source V0
Copyright 2013 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
15

The total response is the combination of the transient/natural response and the forced response:

V0 Rt / L i(t ) 1 e u(t ) R
Copyright 2013 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
16

V0 i(t ) 1 e Rt / L u(t ) R
Copyright 2013 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
17

Show that i(t)=25+25(1-e-t/2)u(t) A

Copyright 2013 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.

18

Copyright 2013 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.

19

vC=20 + 80e-t/1.2 V and i=0.1 + 0.4et/1.2 A

Copyright 2013 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.

20

vC=20 + 80e-t/1.2 V

i=0.1 + 0.4et/1.2 A

Copyright 2013 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.

21