GSM SYSTEM

GSM Mobile Comm. System

ABBREVIATION
GSM IMSI SIM MSISDN ISDN PSTN PLMN MNC MCC Global System for Mobile communications International Mobile Subscriber Identification Subscriber Identify Module Mobile Subscriber ISDN Integrated Services Digital Network Public Switched Telephone Network Public Lands Mobile Network Mobile Network Code Mobile Country Code

ABBREVIATION
BSS MSS (NSS) BTS BSC MSC/VLR HLR/AUC EIR SMSC IN Base Station System Mobile Switching System Base Transceiver Station Base Station Controller Mobile Switching Centre /Visit Location Register Home Location Register/ Authorization Centre Equipment Identity Register Short Message Service Centre Intelligent Network

GSM
GSM system NSS BSS MS OMM Main interface

FREQUENCY BAND FOR GSM

GSM900 Primary Frequency Band (P-GSM)

Up link: Down link:

890MHz~915MHz (MS Sending, BTS Receiving) 935MHz~960MHz (BTS Sending, MS Receiving)

GSM Expansion Frequency Band (E-GSM)

Up link: Down link:

880MHz~890MHz (MS Sending, BTS Receiving) 925MHz~935MHz (BTS Sending, MS Receiving)

DCS1800 Frequency Band

Up link: Down link:

1805MHz~1880MHz (MS Sending, BTS Receiving) 1710MHz~1785MHz (BTS Sending, MS Receiving)

GSM ARFCN
(ABSOLUTE RADIO FREQUENCY CHANNEL NUMBER)

GSM900 Primary Frequency Band (P-GSM)

Up link: F1=890+0.2*N(MHz)(1N124) Down link: Fu=F1+45(MHz)

GSM Expansion Frequency Band (E-GSM)

Up link: F1=890+0.2*(N-1024)(MHz) Down link: Fu=F1+45(MHz) (975N1023)

DCS1800 Frequency Band

Up link: F1=1710.2+0.2*(N-512)(MHz) Down link: Fu=F1+95(MHz) (512N885)

GSM SYSTEM DIAGRAM

MS

BTS

HLR/AUC EIR
No.7MAP

MSC2/VLR

BSC
Um
MS

A
TCP/IP

MSC1/VLR
PLMN PSTN

BTS Abis

OMC

SC/IN

GSM SYSTEM STRUCTURE

Operation and Maintenance Subsystem (OSS) Network Switching Subsystem (NSS) MSC VLR HLR operation AUC EIR OSS Base Station Subsystem (BSS) BSC GSM NSS BTS Other network Mobile Station (MS) SIM card Terminal

subs

NETWORK SWITCHING SUBSYSTEM

Mobile Switching Center (MSC):
Core part of the GSM It provide message exchanging, traffic switching and interface to other network

Home Location Register (HLR):

Static Data Storage Including MSISDN, User Type, Supplementary Service Dynamic Data Storage Terminal Roaming Information Access route

NETWORK SWITCHING SUBSYSTEM

Visitor Location Register (VLR): Data Storage All the subs information located in its area. VLR get the necessary data from HLR and permit the MSC to establish a call. VLR Function
Subs Data Search IMSI Attachment /Detach Location Register Authority MSRN Distribution Handover Code Distribution TMSI Distribution

NETWORK SWITCHING SUBSYSTEM

Authority Center (AUC): Generate 3-parameters Group (Rand, SRES, Kc) Equipment Identify Register (EIR): IMEI White List, Gray List, Black List

BASE STATION SUBSYSTEM

BSS mainly realize wireless transmitting, receiving and wireless resource management.
BSS connects the Network and the subscriber. BSS is divided into part: BSC and BTS. BTS is in charge of wireless transmission. BSC is in charge of wireless control and management. BSS is made of one BSC and one or more BTS. BTS can be connected to the BSC directly or by BTS interface equipment (named BIE) to the remote BSC. Also the BSS contains transcoder and sub-multiplexing.

Interface between BSC and BTS is Abis interface

BTS

BSS
BIE OMC Q3 interface Abis interface BSC

BIE MS Um interface

BTS

SM

SM Ater interface

TC

MSC A interface

BSS structure
TC SM BIE Trans Coder Sub Multiplexing Base Station Interface Equipment

BASE TRANSCEIVER STATION

It is a wireless interface equipment and is controlled by BSC. It is responsible for wireless transmission, conversion between wired and wireless signals, wireless diversity, wireless channel encryption, FH, etc.. BTS includes:
Processing Transceiver and Antenna Signal Processing Circuit (forming frame and timeslot, and channel coding and decoding and speed rate adapting) Baseband Unit: For voice and data speed adapting and channel coding RF Unit: For modulating/demodulating and transmitter and receiver coupling Common Control Unit: For BTS operation and maintenance

BTS main components:

BASE STATION CONTROLLER

Base Station Controller (BSC): It controls one or more BTSs and is located between MSC and BTS It is the control and management part of BSS. It is responsible for wireless network management and wireless BTS monitoring. It controls:
Wireless link construction between MS and BTS Communication connection and disconnection MS location, handover and paging

MS FUNCTION
The MS is the user equipment of GSM system. It can be carcarrying station, portable station and handset. It includes mobile terminal and the SIM card.
Mobile Terminal: For voice coding, channel coding, information encryption, modulating/demodulating, transmitting/receiving. SIM Card: A kind of intelligent card storing all information about user identification authentication, to avoid illegal user to enter the network.

The SIM card stores also the management data about the network and user. Only after the SIM card is inserted in the MS, can it be accepted by the network

OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE CENTER (OMC

OMC manage and supervise the whole GSM network. Through OMC we can realize monitor, state report, fault diagnostic, etc to the boards the functional parts. OMC can be divided into OMCS and OMCR. OMC mainly:
Network Operation and Maintenance Mobile Equipment Management Register Management and Billing

MAIN INTERFACE IN GSM

MS Um BTS ABis BSC A MSC E EIR F MSC Q M N C B PSTN ISDN PSDN VLR G

SMC

SMC M

HLR N AUC

VLR

SME

SME

MAIN FEATURES OF GSM

High Frequency Efficiency: High performance modulation, channel coding interleaving, equalization, and voice coding. High Capacity: C/I >9dB. High Voice Quality: Above the threshold value, the voice quality always in the same level, independency to the wireless transmission quality Open Interface: Open interface makes network entity interconnection possible.