AMARTYA

KUMAR

SEN

Born: Santiniketan, Bengal, November 3 1933 Father: Ashutosh Sen Mother: Amita Sen Education: Presidency College, Calcutta; Trinity College, Cambridge Married: Nabaneeta Dev, 1960-71, (two daughters, Antara and Nandana); Eva Colorni, 1978 (died 1985), a daughter, Indrani, and son, Kabir; Emma Rothschild,1991.

BOOKS AND AWARDS

Some books: Choice of Techniques, 1960; Collective Choice and Social Welfare, 1970; On Economic Inequality, 1973; Poverty and Famines: an Essay on Entitlement and Deprivation, 1981; Hunger and Public Action, jointly edited with Jean Dreze, 1989; India: Economic Development and Social Opportunity, with Jean Dreze, 1995; Development as Freedom, 1999. Awards: Indira Gandhi Gold Medal Award of the Asiatic Society, 1994; Nobel prize for economics, 1998; Eisenhower Medal, USA, 2000; Honorary Companion of Honour, UK, 2000.

SEN ON DEVELOPMENT
Development means Expansion of Freedom. "The success of a society is to be evaluated primarily by the freedoms that members of the society enjoy." AmartyaSen

ON FAMINE & POVERTY

Famine- famine occurs not only from a lack of food, but from inequalities built into mechanisms for distributing food.

Causes: declining wages raises food prices poor food-distribution system unemployment

THE ENTITLEMENT APPROACH FOR FOOD SECURITY

two categories endowments and entitlements. Endowment- refers to control of assets and resources including labor power. Entitlement refers to the set of alternative commodity bundles that a person can command in a society using the totality of right and opportunities that he or she faces.

FOUR TYPES OF ENTITLEMENT

trade based entitlement- means the ability for people to sell or buy something for food. produced based entitlement the ability to grow and produce food (or goods for buying food) own labor based entitlement- ability for selling the skill or labor power for purchasing or producing food. inheritance and transfer based entitlement access for food transfer that can be provide for the government or other person and society.

TWO TYPES OF ENTITLEMENT FAILURE:

Direct Entitlement Failure - no endowment (resource) to produce food

Trade Entitlement Failure - Produce is not enough to be able to trade for food

 Famine

is caused due to shortage of food but due to failure of entitlement. A person suffers from failure of food entitlement when his entitlement does not contain enough food to enable him to avoid starvation in the absence of non-entitlement transfers, such as charity.

HUMAN DEVELOPMENT INDEX

-

used to measure the standard of living of a country. created by Mahbub ul Haq and by Amartya Sen. Calculated by three indices: life expectancy to measure longevity educational attainment to represent knowledge real gross domestic product (GDP) to represent income

CAPABILITY APPROACH
is

defined by its choice of focus upon the moral significance of individuals capability of achieving the kind of lives they have reason to value. -A persons capability to live a good life is defined in terms of the set of valuable beings and doings like being in good health or having loving relationships with others to which they have real access.

POVERTY
- is understood as deprivation in the capability to live a good life, and development is understood as capability expansion.

CORE CONCEPT AND STRUCTURE

Functionings and Capability Functionings are states of being and doing such as being well-nourished, having shelter. Capability refers to the set of valuable functionings that a person has effective access to. Thus, a persons capability represents the effective freedom of an individual to choose between different functioning combinations between different kinds of life that she has reason to value

http://www.academia.edu/1909449/Food_Security_ and_Entitlement_A_Critical_Analyses http://www.iep.utm.edu/sen-cap/ http://goodpal.hubpages.com/hub/Amartya-SensConcept-of-Development-and-Poverty