Chapter 1.1

Refrigeration Technology
Chapter 1
1.2 Refrigeration components
Hamid Yusoff
All vapour compression systems contain six major components: 1. Compressor device to compress & circulate the refrigerant 2. Condenser to transfer heat from refrigerant (out) to ambient air 3. Expansion device to reduce pressure & regulate the flow of refrigerant. 4. Receiver dryer or accumulator to store reserve refrigerant, contain the desiccant, and filter refrigerant (accessory) 5. Evaporator to absorb heat from air (in) to the refrigerant. 6. Lines and hoses to connect these parts together Hamid Yusoff 7. And the refrigerant
Low Side Operation
1. Takes high pressure liquid from condensor and supplied low pressure liquid to evaporator. To decrease liquid temperature below ambient temperature for heat transfer to accur resulting in change state from liquid to vapor. (Refrigerants have low boiling points). (Refrigrant boiling point < Air temperature).It absorbs large amount of heat from air in the evaporator. Amount of heat absorbed is proportional to amount of refrigerant boiled, thus right size is important.
High Side Operation

1. Takes low pressure vapor from evaporator and supplies high pressure vapor to condensor. To increase vapor temperature above ambient temperature for heat transfer to occur resulting in change of state from vapor to liquid (at condenser). It release large amount of heat from condensor to air.
2.
2.
Low Side Components Expansion device Evaporator Accumulator (if equipped)
High Side Components Compressor Condenser Receiver-drier (if equipped)
Hamid Yusoff
Expansion Devices 1. The main purpose of the expansion device is twofold: - Reduce the pressure of the liquid refrigerant. - Regulate the flow of refrigerant to the evaporator. - That is to maintained at a lower level.
High T High P Sub-cooled liquid
EXPANSION DEVICE
Low T Low P saturated liquid
Saturated liquid is roughly 80% liquid/20% vapour
Hamid Yusoff
Expansion Devices Thermostatic expansion valve (TXV) Automatic or a constant pressure expansion valve Low side float valves High side float valves Capillary tube Hand expansion valve.
Hamid Yusoff
Refrigeration Technology Expansion Devices Thermostatic expansion valve (TXV) -to keeps a constant superheat in the refrigerant vapor. -to control the correct amount of refrigerant at all times.
Admitting additional refrigerant from receiver, to flow into evaporator. This supplementary refrigerant has three effects: It provides additional liquid refrigerant to absorb heat from the evaporator It applies a higher pressure to the bottom of the diaphragm, tending to close the valve. It reduces the degree of superheat.
Hamid Yusoff
Hamid Yusoff
Thermal Expansion Valves, TXVs Variable valve that can change size of opening in response to system load Opens or closes depending on evaporator pressure and temperature The three major types of expansion valves: Internally balanced TXVs are the most common. Externally balanced TXVs are used on some larger evaporators. Block valves route the refrigerant leaving the evaporator past the thermal sensing diaphragm so a thermal bulb is 8not needed.
Internally Balanced
Externally Balanced
Block Valve
Hamid Yusoff
Evaporator Operation
Heat exchangers in which a refrigerant is evaporated at low temperature/pressure of removing heat from air surrounding. The refrigerant takes up its latent heat from the load and leaves the evaporator as a dry gas. 9
Hamid Yusoff
Accumulators
Accumulators are used in the suction line of all OT systems. The accumulator: 1. separates liquid refrigerant so only gas flows to the compressor. 2. Allows oil in the bottom of the accumulator to return to the compressor. 3. provides storage for a refrigerant reserve. 4. contains the desiccant bag for water vapour removal. 5. provides a place to mount low pressure switches and sensors.
10
Hamid Yusoff
High Side Operation High begins at compressor and ends at expansion device Compressor Condenser Receiver-drier (if equipped)
11
Hamid Yusoff
Compressors There is a large variety of compressors. Some of variations are: Reciprocating, scroll type, Screw, vane type
low-pressure refrigerant vapor from evaporator
high-pressure refrigerant vapor to condenser
12
Hamid Yusoff
Compressor Operation In/Suction: Low Pressure, about 30 psi & Low Temperature, close to freezing
Out/Discharge: High Pressure, about 200 psi & High Temperature, above ambient
The compressor increases the refrigerant pressure about five to ten times.This increases the temperature, so heat can leave the refrigerant in the condenser.
13
Hamid Yusoff
Piston Compressors
This two-cylinder compressor uses a crankshaft to move the pistons up and down.
Refrigerant flow is controlled by the suction and discharge reeds in the valve plate.
14
Hamid Yusoff
Scotch Yoke Compressors
15
Hamid Yusoff
Scroll Compressors
16
Hamid Yusoff
Swash Plate Compressors
17
Hamid Yusoff
Vane Compressors
18
Hamid Yusoff
Wobble Plate Compressors
19
Hamid Yusoff
Condenser Operation
Hot, high pressure refrigerant is pumped from the compressor to enter the condenser. The refrigerant gives up its heat to the air passing through the condenser. Removing heat from the hot gas causes it to change state and becomes liquid (condense). 20
Hamid Yusoff
Condenser Types Condensers A and C are round tube, serpentine condensers. Condenser B is an oval/flat tube, serpentine condenser. Condenser D is an oval/flat tube, parallel flow condenser. Flat tube condensers are more efficient.
21
Hamid Yusoff
Serpentine Condenser
Refrigerant flows from the upper inlet to the bottom outlet through two tubes. These tubes wind back and forth though the condenser.
22
Hamid Yusoff
Parallel Flow Condenser
Refrigerant flows from the upper inlet to the bottom outlet through groups of parallel tubes. Some carry refrigerant from the right to the left, and others move it back to the right side.
23
Hamid Yusoff
Heat Exchangers Condensers have to move heat from the refrigerant to the air. Evaporators must move heat from air to the refrigerant. Both require a lot of contact area for both air and refrigerant. Both require free movement of air and refrigerant
24
Hamid Yusoff
Receiver Dryers
A receiver dryer is mounted in the liquid line of a TXV system. It is to: 1. Basicaly acts as a storage space to reserve of refrigerant. 2. Hold the desiccant bag that removes water moisture from the refrigerant. 3. Filter the refrigerant and remove debris particles. 4. provide a sight glass so refrigerant flow can be observed. 5. provide a location for switch mounting.
25
Barb Connections, Note Sight Glass
Male Flare Connections
Male O-ring Connections, Pressure Switch
Hamid Yusoff
Refrigerants
What is a Refrigerant
-which act as cooling agent by absorbing heat from another body or substance.
-Primary refrigerant:which used in recirculating cycle and is acompanied by a change in state (compression, condensation,expansion,evaporation ). -Secondary refrigerant:which used as a heat transfer medium without a change a state, which is change of temperature.
26
Air conditioning system using both primary and secondary refrigerant
Hamid Yusoff
Classification of Refrigerants
27
Hamid Yusoff
28
Hamid Yusoff
29
Hamid Yusoff
30
Hamid Yusoff
31
Hamid Yusoff
32
Hamid Yusoff
33
Hamid Yusoff
34
Hamid Yusoff
35
Hamid Yusoff
36
Hamid Yusoff
37
Hamid Yusoff
38
Hamid Yusoff
39
Hamid Yusoff

Chapter 1.1

Hochgeladen von

Dokumentinformationen

Copyright

Verfügbare Formate

Dieses Dokument teilen

Dokument teilen oder einbetten

Freigabeoptionen

Stufen Sie dieses Dokument als nützlich ein?

Sind diese Inhalte unangemessen?

Copyright:

Verfügbare Formate

Chapter 1.1

Hochgeladen von

Copyright:

Verfügbare Formate

Refrigeration Technology

High Side Operation

Low Side Components Expansion device Evaporator Accumulator (if equipped)

High Side Components Compressor Condenser Receiver-drier (if equipped)

Low T Low P saturated liquid

Saturated liquid is roughly 80% liquid/20% vapour

low-pressure refrigerant vapor from evaporator

high-pressure refrigerant vapor to condenser

Barb Connections, Note Sight Glass

Male Flare Connections

Male O-ring Connections, Pressure Switch

Air conditioning system using both primary and secondary refrigerant

Das könnte Ihnen auch gefallen