Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
By:
A.Sindhura
N.Sravya G.Sujatha B.Malavya Sundeep
Overview
Efficient scheme of electricity billing Functionality Beneficial to consumers, power plant, revenue, power sector reforms
UTILITY CARD
MICRO CONTROLLER
POWER DESTINATON
Utilities and revenue system Present electricity billing system Advantages and disadvantages Present prepayment metering system Advantages and disadvantages Market scopes
Improved operational efficiencies Reduced financial risks Better customer service Market drives: Power sector reforms, Increasing non-technical reforms, opportunities in markets Market restraints: Customer behavior, Initial investment, rapid tech changes, uncertainty over success
South Africa and England Malaysia, Thailand, Bangladesh, Singapore, Iran West Bengal Sundrebans Tata power in Delhi and Jamshedpur Mumbai BEST service US patents released
Smart cards
Same size as a standard credit card A microchip embedded in a plastic card to store information Latest silicon technology, does not require use of batteries The chip can be programmed to carry out specific functions
Convenience, portability, capacity, durability, security and ability to check forgery ID card, log card, garage card, hotel key card, health care, vehicle id, banking, prepayment electricity
Use of prepayment system Smart card usage Communication with utility system 3-tier implementation Supply management with added security
Advantages
Reducing reading expenses Bad debt collection A/c transfer expenses & credit debt expenses Greater awareness on consumers consumption habits Improved cash flow management
User has a ID card Gives money to ATM and gets the smart card credited Customer terminal and service terminal manage electric supply and comm. With service Utility services update with the data and consumer behavior
Hardware Requirements
AT89S51 C LCD Lampex 162 SLE4442 smart card reader/writer, MAX 232 EEPROM AT24C256 Relay and Power supply Optocoupler cosmo 2010 4N35 Meter and load DB9 connector, resistors, capacitors and sip resistors
Software requirements
Relay
Load
Opto coupler
LCD 8051
microcontroller
MC
EEPROM
Power supply
Schematic diagram
Port 1 is connected LCD Port 3 is connected to EEPROM Port 0 to relay Smart card module is connected via DB9 connector and max232 to microcontroller Meter is connected to load and optocoupler and one end of load to relay.
Working
The consumer inserts the pre-paid card in the energy meter The value in the card is transferred to the meter and load is ON The meter keeps track of the number of units consumed as per the slab rate and updates it to the controller via cosmo 2010 When the value in the card comes to electricity supply is cut off
Conclusion
A better solution for utility management and beneficial to consumers, power reforms and market. A prototype for customer terminal is successfully constructed