ANCHORAGE

Syeda tooba zaidi Deptt of orthodontics.

CONCEPTS OF ANCHORAGE
Anchorage is the word used in orthodontics to mean resistance to displacement. Every orthodontic appliance consist of two element. 1 active 2 resistance

Active part Concerned with tooth movement.

Resistance element. Provide resistence (anchorage) that makes the tooths movements possible.

CLASSIFICATION OF ANCHORAGE
according to Moyers

stationary

simple
Acc to manner of force application

reciprocal

CLASSIFICATION OF ANCHORAGE
according to Moyers

intramaxillary

intermaxillary

Acc to jaws involved

CLASSIFICATION OF ANCHORAGE
according to Moyers
MUSCULAR

EXTRAORAL

INTRAOR AL

Acc to site of anchorag e unit

CLASSIFICATION OF ANCHORAGE
according to Moyers

SIMPLE

ACC TO NO OF ANCHORAGE UNIT

COMPOUND

REINFORCED

OUTLINE OF KINDS OF ANCHORAGE

OUTLINE OF KINDS OF ANCHORAGE

OCCIPITAL

CERVICAL

EXTRA ORAL
FACIAL

CRANIAL

INTRAORAL ANCHORAGE
TEETH ALVEOLAR BONE BASAL BONE MUSCLES

Teeth

When one teeth moves the other can act as Anchorage units. It depends on. Root form. Root size. No of roots. Root length. Root inclination. Ankylosed teeth.

2. ALVEOLAR BONE: The alveolar bone that surrounds a tooth offers resistance to tooth movement up to a certain amount of force. When the forced applied exceeds a certain limit, the alveolar bone permits tooth movement by bone remodling. 3. BASAL BONE: Certain areas of the basal jawbones are available as sources of anchorage. These include hard palate ang the lingual surface of mandible in the region of the roots MUSCULATURE: The normal tonus of the facial and masticatory muscles plays an important role in the normal development of dental arches. Abnormal hypotonic musculature causes flaring and spacing of teeth while hypertonic muscles exert restrictive forces in a lingual direction.

ACCORDING TO THE MANNER OF FORCE APPLICATION

Simple anchorage
Stationary anchorage
Resistance to tipping that is the tooth is free to tip during movement

Resistance to bodily movement that is the tooth is permitted to translate only

Reciprocal anchorage

Two or more teeth moving in opposite directions and pitted against each other by the appliance. The resistance to each other is equal and opposite.

SIMPLE ANCHORAGE

RECIPROCAL ANCHORAGE

STATIONARY ANCHORAGE

Displacement of anchor teeth can be Minimized by arranging the force system so That anchor teeth must move bodily if Reciprocal tooth movement is produced when they Two teeth or resistance units of equal size pull Move at all , while movement teeth allow Against each other. To tip. E.g of retracting incisor by E. g of a closure of a midline diestema. tipping them

RECIPROCAL ANCHORAGE

a. Finger springs used to closed midline diestema. B. correction of midline diestema Elastics. C. cross bite elastics for correction of single tooth posterior cross bite. D. ar Expansion using removable appliance incorprating a coffin spring.

ACCORDING TO JAWS INVOLVED

INTRA-MAXILLARY.
Anchorage established in the same jaw.

INTERMAXILLARY
Anchorage distributed to both jaws.

INTRAMAXILLARY

INTERMAXILLARY ANCHORAGE

Elastic intermaxillary traction is difficult with removable appliances and is exclusivly em In fixed appliance treatment.

Resistance unit Situated in one Jaw are used to Effect tooth Movement in the Opposing jaw.

B
A a. Class ll elastic Traction. b. Class lll elastic Traction.

ACCORDING TO THE SITE OF ANCHORAGE INTRAMUSCULA EXTRAORAL ORAL R. Anchorage Cervical Anchorage Neck straps. establish derived within the Occipital Head gears from action Mouth ,that is, utilizing the of Cranial High pull teeth, head gears. Muscles Mucosa or e.g Facial other intraFace masks

MUSCULAR ANCHORAGE
Force generated by muscle to aid Movement of teeth. Eg LIP BUMPER to distalize molar

EXTRA ORAL ANCHORAGE

A occipital head gear .anchorage from cranium. b. Face mask for the protraction of maxilla- anchorage from forehead and chin.

CERVICAL PULL HEADGEAR

HIGH PULL HEADGEAR

Note the snap away safety mechanism. (b) An occipital (high pull) headgear again with a snap away safety system. (c) A variable pull Interlandii headgear. A rigid plastic strip is employed as a safety mechanism to prevent the facebow disengaging from the molar bands and coming out of the mouth. (d,e) The end of the facebow can be recurved to improve safety. (f,g) A plastic coated facebow together with a safety neck-strap. (h,i) A Samuels locking spring. This secures the face bow to the tube preventing accidental disengagement. This should be used in conjunction with a safety neck strap or snap away headgear. (f,g) A plastic

ACCORDING TO NO OF ANCHORAGE UNITS

Intermaxillary Simple Anchorage

Single or primary anchorage Anchorage involving one tooth only

Compound anchorage Anchorage involving two or more teeth

Reinforced anchorage or multiple anchorage The addition of nondental anchorage sites. e.g mucosa, muscle, head, etc.

Simple anchorage

Compound anchorage

REINFORCED ANCHORAGE
Upper ant inclined plane

Intramaxillary anchorage

Connect contraletral Molars either Across the vault Of the palate or around the lingual aspect of The lower arch will help to prevent movement of the molars.

Sved appliance The arches are usually attached to bands Cemented to molar teeth.

CHOICE OF APPLIANCE

Upper removable appliances actually afford more anchorage than fixed appliances because of there palatal coverage.

IMPLANTS
Implants act as fixed structure and are useful for providing anchorage in pt with HYPODONTIA or MARKED TOOTH LOSS. If there are edentulous spaces to be restored using tooth bearing implants( and if the spaces are in correct position), then this can be done prior to orthodontic treatment and brackets can be attached to the implants.

IMPLANTS
Other type of plants have also been used for orthodontic anchorage, including MICRO-IMPLANTS. MINI PLATES. PALATAL IMPLANTS.

What is anchorage loss?

A certain amount of unwanted movement of the anchor teeth invariably occurs during orthodontic treatment. Such unwanted movement of anchor teeth called ANCHORAGE LOSS. Three types. Maximum Moderate. Minimum

A. Maximum : 1/4th of the extraction space should be lost by forward monement. B. Moderate : anchor teeth permitted to more 1/4th to . C. More than half of the extraction space can be lost by teeth moving mesially.

KEY POINT
Anchorage is the resistance to unwanted tooth movements. Anchorage demands need to be assessed at the outset as an essential component of treatment planning or the desired result may be achieved. Anchorage can be increased by maximizing the number of teeth in the anchor unit either intraorally , extraorally or by the use of implants.