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y The gradient (slope) of a straight line graph is y2 constant and can be found by taking the coordinates between any y1 two points. The gradient of a curve changes continually. y -y Grad = y = 2 1 x x2 - x1 2 (x2;y2) y 1(x1,y1) x1 x x 2 (x2;y2) y 1(x1,y1) x x
y = y2 - y1 Gradat x = x x2 - x1
At any point the gradient is found by taking the gradient of a tangent to the curve at that point.
1 ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 . . . . . . . . .. . ....
time/(s) S1 S2 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
.s
.
1
.s
t2
GRADIENT = velocity
2
t1
The gradient of the DISPLACEMENT vs TIME graph equals the velocity of the object.
(at any point)
The area between any two points on the VELOCITY - TIME graph equals the objects displacement between the two points.
1.
2.
S1 S2 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
v VELOCITY - TIME
(m/s)
GRAD = v
GRAD = a
s1
t1
s2
t2 t/(s)
t/(s) t t/(s)
The gradient of the displacement vs time graph (tangent - at any point) gives the velocity of the object at that point.
The gradient of the velocity vs time graph (at any point) gives the acceleration of the object.
-- - - - -
-->
VELOCITY - TIME
(m/s)
2
GRAD = v
GRAD = a
.
t1
AREA = s t/(s)
Gradient of the displacement vs time graph gives the velocity.
.
t/(s)
t2
AREA = v t/(s)t2
t1
AREA of the acceleration vs time graph gives the average velocity. Gradient of the velocity vs time graph gives the acceleration of the object.
Consider the situation when an object is thrown vertically upwards and returns to the throwers hand. Take upwards as positive.
Draw the various sketch graphs associated with this particular motion.
Displacement/time
s
t v
Velocity/time
s
Distance/time
Speed/time
t
Acceleration/time
+ a -
Vertical motion
Consider the situation when an object is dropped vertically down, bounces (elastically) and returns to the throwers hand.
Take upwards as positive. Draw the various sketch graphs associated with this particular motion.
Displacement/time
s
t v
Velocity/time
s
Distance/time
Speed/time
t
Acceleration/time
+ a -
Vertical motion