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Blood supports functioning of body Blood vessels ensure sufficient blood & O reaches bodys tissues/muscles Consists of cells & cell fragments surrounded by liquid called PLASMA Average male has 5 6l Average female has 4 5l
Activity 1
In pairs produce PowerPoint presentation on following using key words as guidance: Khalifa & Aidan: functions of blood; blood viscosity & double circulatory system
Transportation, protection, homeostasis Resistance, training Pulmonary & systemic circulation
Arteries/arterioles, veins/venules, capillaries, vasoconstriction/dilation, pre-capillary sphincters Muscle pump, pocket valves, respiratory pump, smooth muscle, gravity
Functions of Blood
Transporting nutrients e.g. Glucose (from liver to muscles) & O Protection & fighting disease through interaction with lymphatic system (contains cells/chemicals vital to immune system) Blood clots when blood vessel damage occurs preventing cell loss Maintains HOMEOSTASIS including temperature regulation (transports heat to bodys surface) & maintaining pH balance Removes metabolites e.g. CO from muscles to lungs & lactic acid from muscles to liver Transports enzymes, hormones & other chemicals (e.g. Drugs) ALL ESPECIALLY IMPORTANT DURING EXERCISE
More viscous = more resistant to flow More red blood cells = more capacity to transport O BUT unless plasma is increased, viscosity may also increase restricting blood flow Viscosity may also increase if plasma content decreases due to dehydration Training = increase in total blood volume blood plasma increases > blood cell volume = decrease in blood viscosity Therefore blood flow through vessels improved as is O delivery to working muscles
Pulmonary artery carries deoxygenated blood from RV to lungs where it is re-oxygenated & unloads CO
Pulmonary vein carries oxygenated blood back to LA of heart through pulmonary vein
Blood Vessels
Vascular network through which blood flows to all parts of body comprises: Arteries Arterioles Capillaries Veins Venules
Structure of Arteries
Arteries composed of 3 layers of tissue: 1 Outer fibrous layer tunica adventitia or tunica externa 2 Thick middle layer tunica media 3 Thin lining of cells to inside endothelium or tunica intima
Tunica media comprised of smooth muscle & elastic tissue, enables arteries & arterioles to alter diameter (stretch) Arteries tend to have more elastic tissue; arterioles have greater amounts of smooth muscle; allows vessels to increase diameter through vasodilation or decrease diameter through vasoconstriction Vasoconstriction & vasodilation mean vessels can regulate BP & ensure tissues receiving sufficient blood particularly during exercise
Capillaries
Capillaries are functional units of vascular system Composed of single layer of endothelial cells, just thin enough for red blood cells to squeeze through their wall Capillary network very well developed as so small Large quantities able to cover muscle, ensures efficient exchange of gases Distribution of blood through capillary network regulated by special structures known as precapillary sphincters
Muscle pump during exercise muscular contractions impinge & compress veins squeezing blood towards heart Pocket valves inside veins prevent backflow Respiratory pump during inspiration/expiration, pressure changes occur in thoracic & abdominal cavities to compress veins & assist blood return to heart
Mechanisms essential at start of exercise: As exercise commences muscles contract to squeeze vast blood reserves in veins back towards heart Stroke volume increases allowing optimal delivery of nutrients to working muscles
Other factors aiding venous return: Smooth muscle in walls & surrounding veins contract & help blood move back towards heart Gravity helps blood return to heart from upper body
Recap Activity
Mind Map
Homework
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Blood pressure