HUMAN VALUES & ETHICS

Module -II
Date:23-01-06 and 24-01-06

: RAJARSHI LEADERSHIP AND TEAMWORK, POWER AND EGO

By Prof S.K.Chakraworty
AND

Presentation by J.C.Thaker

Prof

D.Chakraworthy

It is very difficult to take on the task of a leader. One must be dasaya dasah a servant of servants

Always first learn to be a servant and then

you will be fit to be a master.

Swami Vivekananda

Team work Power & Ego

This module is focused on role of leader, team member & follower and skill required. The current trend in specialization of skills is making knowledge fragmentary. Skilled individuals are acquiring more and more knowledge about less and less - Result : WHOLE remains incomprehensible. Dearth of leaders who are gifted with the WISDOM of looking at the whole beyond the fragments. The need of the hour is to groom leaders who have both wisdom and knowledge.

RAJARSHI :The indian model of this type of leadership .

Rajarshi = Raja + Rishi A Raja represents a king, a doer, and the secular entity. This component stands for knowledge. A Rishi represents a sage, a seer, a sacred entity. This component stands for wisdom. Message :King should be led by a sage.The guidance of the secular by the sacred,and leadership of wisdom over knowledge. Sri Aurobindo had once written There are two allied powers in man knowledge and wisdom.The knowledge is so much of the truth,seen in distorted medium,as mind arrives at by groping;wisdom what the eye of divine voice sees in the spirit.Wisdom looks behind the veils and sees.reasons(knowledge )divides Fixes detail sand contrast them :Wisdom unifies,marries contrast in a single harmony.

Rajarshi.
The Sanskrit dictum svarat samrat bhavati is means: only one who can rule himself can rule others The Vivekananda : There is no allegiance possible where there is no character in the leader. The more practical outcomes of the above rajarshi principle are : a) b) Governing the lower self by the Higher Self for oneself in the first place Giving precedence to the obligations of the role over the interests of the self.

c) Regular practice and cultivation of the faculty of intuitive wisdom.

d) Introduction of specific intervals of silence and solitude in the daily routine for (c ) above. e) The conviction and realization that all Power is Spiritual in nature and Divine in origin.

f)

As a result of (c ) and (e), growing ability to formulate the principles of social existence in harmony with those of cosmic existence.

All these rajarshi features contribute to Human values & Ethics-oriented leadership processes.

The rajarshi leader modelis described more operationally. As per following framework, which has two complementary sets; caring and discipline. Process Player Leader

Caring

Discipline
* Self-control * Renunciation (Box 2) * Charisma * * * * Hierarchism Obedience (Box 4) Rituals Dandaniti

* Impersonal Love * Higher SELF (Box 1) * Sattwa Guna * * * * Maitri Bhavna Karuna Bhavna (Box 3) Mudita Bhavna Upeksha Bhavna

Team Members & Followers

Box 1

Impersonal Love
Leader to display Impersonal Love : unbiased decisions. It means impartial equal mindedness towards the strengths and weaknesses of all subordinates.

The inner groups and outer groups created whenever leader display, personal love ie.favoritism result is leader loses credibility and trust worthiness.
When a leader displays personal love, he is operating the Lower self who is deficit driven feels insecure about his position, power, money, etc. Leads to the formation of 3Cs by the leader : Cliques Caucus Coterie mean an exclusive group in whom the leader confides The result : organizational environment is politicizes vitality and values. Higher SELF polluted. It loses its

The leader of the order of Higher SELF, is secure within, does not find necessity for hedging himself against insecurity by external means. Higher self leadership expected of a person with predominantly sattwic qualities, which are the source of Human Values.The reverse is Rajsic/Tamsic leaders who will have LOWERSELF and desplay personnel love leading to Cliques etc.

BOX-2 Self Control : Practicing Self Control helps in the conservation of psychological as well as physical energies. It is a) b) c) of three types : Vaksanyam (control of speech) Drishtisanyam (control of what one sees) Shrutisanyam (control over what one listens to)

In Upnishads : Human body is represented as a nine-door mansion which all open

outside, are constantly impinged upon by external Turbulences. Through above conscious and voluntary efforts (sanyam) MIND can be calmed, dissipation of energy checked.

Renunciation : leader to renounce ego.

An individual engrossed in the pursuit of selfish goals, using the organization a means, loses the reverence and respect of organizational members. But a leader must renounce petty ego, or Lower self will invariably priorities organizational goals over egoistic goals.

The spirit of Renunciation can be practiced by inter prioritizing the mind thro Quality Mind process which can help in rousing the dormant Higher Self
CHARISMA: The combined result of renunciation and self-control is charisma. It is a sort of magnetic attraction radiated by a person.

Box-3
TEAM WORK & FRIENDSHIP

To improve the excellence of teamwork it is important to recognize the need to cultivate certain social emotions (bhavnas). They relate to Human values.
Maitri Bhavna (friendliness towards the happy), instead of getting jealous. This will maintain cohesion within the team. Karuna Bhavna (compassion towards the unhappy) is an effort to identify with the sorrow and unhappiness of a team member.

Mudita Bhavna (delight in the virtuous) sensitizes ones mind to acknowledge and appreciate a team members excellence. The spirit is that I should emulate, rather than underrate, the virtue of a team member, which I may not have.
Upeksha Bhavna (forbearance regarding the meanness or pettiness) towards a team member. Reaction, or retaliation by the same kind of Dis-Value undermines ones own Human Values. It also complicates the vicious circle. However, third team member /the leader should intervene to correct the mischief-maker.

BOX 4 Role of Follower with respect to Discipline Hierchism : Acceptance of hierarchy in organization The conceptin in India and East - Familian pattern. Where age is the determent factor. Elders primary role of duty and sacrifice not privilege and power. Younger to respect and loyalty to elders - Creates bonding effect. Western concept is based on structural where position, status and money are deciding factor result cold and formalised relationship warmth and concern of the leader for follower is absent.

Obedience : is not lack of freedom or servility. dose not lead to suppression of personality In defense service.known for indomitable personality work on following principle: A senior should not remember he is the senior A junior should never forget he is the junior.
To be a good leader, one has to be good follower first. Learning to obey leader is one of the values which help to manage the Dis value of egotism.

Rituals : It is to concretise certain modes of behaviour through habitual practice. When a group performs such rituals, it helps in establishing the values of common ness, or solidarity among group members. Drills, rituals in marriage etc.
If done with seriousness rituals lead to personal self discipline & group solidarity. Dandaniti : To be applied as a last resort after exhausting all other option to correct follower. Bhisma in Mahabharata be When the hand is hitting, the heart should weeping. It means the intention of the leader is constructive using punishment as the last tool to reform the follower.

The Ego
For both Box-3 & 4 working with team EGO is of great importance. According to Sri Aurobindo, Although the ego is the indispensable stating nucleus in the formation of an individual personality, it has the following drawbacks also : Smallness of being Contraction of consciousness Limitation of knowledge Diminution of power Fragmentation of oneness Disharmony Failure of understanding. From above it is evident intra-team performance excellence, and follower ship excellence will both be undermined unless to EGO is managed competently. Five pillars model in previous model and Quality Mind Process are useful approaches and methods for this task.

Sri Auobindo on Ego Management

Ego Management 1. Ego has inalienably the instinct of a double self-assertion, its self-assertion against other egos and its self-assertion by means of other egos. 2. But even a sincere altruism hides within itself the ego, and to be able to discover the amount of it hidden up in our most benevolent or even selfsacrificing actions is the acid test of sincere self introspection, nor can anyone really quite know himself who has not made ruthlessly this often painful analysis. 3. When this ego pivot is abandoned and this ego-hunt ceases, then man gets his first real chance of achieving spirituality in his inner and outer life. 4. A spiritualized society would live its spiritual individuals, not in the ego, but in the spirit, not as the collective ego, but as the collective soul. 5. Freedom, equality, brotherhood are three godheads of the soul; they can not be really achieved through the external machinery of society or by man so long as he lives only in the individual and communal ego. 6. That enemy, the enemy of all real religion, is human egoism, the egoism of the individual, the egoism of class and nation.

7.

For this is the truth in Nature, that this ego which thinks itself a separate independent being and claims to live for itself, is not and cannot be independent nor separate, nor can it live to itself even if it would, but rather all are linked together by a secret oneness. This ego or I is not a lasting truth, much less our essential part; it is only a formation of Nature, a mental form of thought centralization in the perceiving and discriminating min.. All that we internally are is not ego, but consciousness, soul or spirit. All that we externally and superficially are and do is not ego but Nature. In our active being this translates itself into a replacement of our egoistic, our personal, out separating individual will and energy by a universal and a divine will and energy which determines our action in harmony with the universal action and reveals itself as the direct will.

8.

9.

INTUITION The power of intuition acts in us at present for the most part in a covert manner secret and involved in or mostly veiled by the action of the reason and the normal intelligence: so far as it emerges into a clear separate action. It is still occasional, partial, fragmentary and of an intermittent character. It casts a sudden light. It makes a luminous suggestion or it throws out a solitary brilliant clue or scatters a small number of isolated or related intuitions. Lustrous discriminations. Inspirations or revelations. And it leaves the reason, will mental sense or intelligence to do what each can or pleases with this seed of succour that has come to them from the depths or the heights of our being. Shri Aurobindo

INTUITION : HOW TO DEVELOP IT

Intuition is perceived more easily when one is able to silence ones mind, hold it still and attentive, arresting its usual functioning, as if the mind were changed into a kind of mirror turned towards a higher faculty in a sustained and silent attention. That too one can learn to do. One must learn to do it, it is a necessary discipline. When you have a question to solve, whatever it may be, usually you concentrate your attention here (pointing between the eyebrows), at the center just above the eyes, the center of the conscious will. But then if you do that, you can not be in contact with intuition. You can be in contact with the source of the will, of effort, even of a certain kind of knowledge, but in the outer, almost material field; whereas, if you want to contact the intuition, you must keep this (Mother indicates the forehead) completely immobile. Active thought must be stopped as far as possible and the entire mental faculty must form at the top of the head and little further above if possible a kind of mirror, very quite, very still, turned upwards, in silent, very concentrated attention.

The Mother

LEADERSHIP VALUES 1. I am persuaded that a leader is not made in one life. He has to be born for it. For the difficulty is not in organization, and making plans; the test, the real test of a leader lies in holding widely different people together, along the line of their common sympathies. And this can only be done unconsciously, never by trying. 2. It is selfishness, that we must seek to eliminate! I find that whenever I have made a mistake in my life, it has always been because self entered into the calculation. Where self has not been involved, my judgment has gone straight to the mark. 3. More and more the true greatness seems to me that of the worm, doing its duty silently, steadily, from moment to moment, and hour to hour.

4. it is a very difficult task to take on the role of a leader. One must be dasasya dasah servant of servatns, and must accommodate a thousand minds. There must not be a shade of jealousy or selfishness, then you are a leader. 5. Know partiality to be the chief cause of all evil. 6. It is absolutely necessary to the work that I should have the enthusiastic love of an many as possible, while I myself remain entirely impersonal. Otherwise jealousy and quarrels will break up everything. A leader must be impersonal. 7. Do not try to lead your brothers. But serve them. The brutal mania for leading has sunk many a great ship in the waters of life. 8. Be the servant of all, and do not try in the lease of govern others. Nobody will come to help you if you put yourself forward as a leader.. Kill self first if you want to succeed.