EE105 Fall 2007 Lecture 19, Slide 1 Prof.

Liu, UC Berkeley
Lecture 19
OUTLINE
Common-gate stage
Source follower

Reading: Chapter 7.3-7.4
ANNOUNCEMENTS
For Problem 4 of HW10, use V
DD
= 1.8V and V
TH
= 0.4V
Note: Midterm #2 will be held on Thursday 11/15
EE105 Fall 2007 Lecture 19, Slide 2 Prof. Liu, UC Berkeley
Diode-Connected MOSFETs
Note that the small-signal model of a PMOSFET is identical to
that of an NMOSFET
1
1
1
o
m
X
r
g
R =
2
2
1
o
m
Y
r
g
R =
Diode-connected NMOSFET
Small-signal analysis circuit Small-signal analysis circuit
Diode-connected PMOSFET
EE105 Fall 2007 Lecture 19, Slide 3 Prof. Liu, UC Berkeley
Summary of MOSFET Impedances
Looking into
the drain, the
impedance is
r
o
if the gate
and source
are (ac)
grounded.
Looking into
the gate, the
impedance is
infinite ().
Looking into the
source, the
impedance is 1/g
m

in parallel with r
o
if
the gate and drain
are (ac) grounded.
EE105 Fall 2007 Lecture 19, Slide 4 Prof. Liu, UC Berkeley
Common-Gate Amplifier Stage
An increase in V
in
decreases V
GS
and hence decreases I
D
.
The voltage drop across R
D
decreases V
out
increases
The small-signal voltage gain (A
v
) is positive.
D m v
R g A =
EE105 Fall 2007 Lecture 19, Slide 5 Prof. Liu, UC Berkeley
Operation in Saturation Region
For M
1
to operate in saturation, V
out
cannot fall below V
b
-V
TH
.
Trade-off between headroom and voltage gain.
EE105 Fall 2007 Lecture 19, Slide 6 Prof. Liu, UC Berkeley
I/O Impedances of CG Stage ( = 0)
D out
R R =
m
in
g
R
1
=
Small-signal analysis circuit for
determining output resistance, R
out
Small-signal analysis circuit for
determining input resistance, R
in
EE105 Fall 2007 Lecture 19, Slide 7 Prof. Liu, UC Berkeley
CG Stage with Source Resistance
S
m
D
v
R
g
R
A
+
=
1
in
m
S
m
X
v
g
R
g
v
1
1
+
=
1
1
+
= =
S m
D m
in
X
X
out
in
out
R g
R g
v
v
v
v
v
v
Small-signal equivalent
circuit seen at input

For = 0:

EE105 Fall 2007 Lecture 19, Slide 8 Prof. Liu, UC Berkeley
( ) ( )
O S O m S S m O out
r R r g R R g r R + + = + + = 1 1
The output impedance of a CG stage with source resistance is
identical to that of CS stage with degeneration.
Small-signal analysis circuit for
determining output resistance, R
out
EE105 Fall 2007 Lecture 19, Slide 9 Prof. Liu, UC Berkeley
CG Stage with Biasing
R
1
and R
2
establish the gate bias voltage.
R
3
provides a path for the bias current of M
1
to flow.
( )
( )
D m
S m
m
in
out
R g
R g R
g R
v
v

+
=
/ 1 ||
/ 1 ||
3
3
EE105 Fall 2007 Lecture 19, Slide 10 Prof. Liu, UC Berkeley
CG Stage with Gate Resistance
For low signal frequencies, the gate conducts no current.
Gate resistance does not affect the gain or I/O impedances.
EE105 Fall 2007 Lecture 19, Slide 11 Prof. Liu, UC Berkeley
CG Stage Example
D O S
m
O m out
R r R
g
r g R || ||
1
1
2
1 1 (

+
|
|
.
|

\
|
~
( )
S m m
D m
in
X
X
out
v
R g g
R g
v
v
v
v
A
2 1
1
1 + +
= =
Small-signal equivalent
circuit seen at input

Small-signal equivalent
circuit seen at output

( )
in
S m m
in
S
m m
m m
X
v
R g g
v
R
g g
g g
v
2 1
2 1
2 1
1
1
1 1
1 1
+ +
=
+
=
1
2
1 1 1
1
O
m
S O m out
r
g
R r g R +
|
|
.
|

\
|
~
EE105 Fall 2007 Lecture 19, Slide 12 Prof. Liu, UC Berkeley
Source Follower Stage
Small-signal analysis circuit for
determining voltage gain, A
v
1
||
1
||
<
+
=
L O
m
L O
in
out
v
R r
g
R r
v
v
A
Equivalent circuit

( )
( )( )
L o out in m
L o m out
R r v v g
R r v g v
=
=
1
out in
v v v + =
1
EE105 Fall 2007 Lecture 19, Slide 13 Prof. Liu, UC Berkeley
Source Follower Example
In this example, M
2
acts as a current source.
2 1
1
2 1
||
1
||
O O
m
O O
v
r r
g
r r
A
+
=
EE105 Fall 2007 Lecture 19, Slide 14 Prof. Liu, UC Berkeley
R
out
of Source Follower
The output impedance of a source follower is relatively low,
whereas the input impedance is infinite (at low frequencies);
thus, it is useful as a voltage buffer.
L
m
L O
m
out
R
g
R r
g
R ||
1
|| ||
1
~ =
Small-signal analysis circuit for
determining output resistance, R
out
EE105 Fall 2007 Lecture 19, Slide 15 Prof. Liu, UC Berkeley
Source Follower with Biasing
R
G
sets the gate voltage to V
DD
; R
S
sets the drain current.
(Solve the quadratic equation to obtain the value of I
D
.)
( )
2
2
1
TH S D DD ox n D
V R I V
L
W
C I =
Assuming = 0:
EE105 Fall 2007 Lecture 19, Slide 16 Prof. Liu, UC Berkeley
Supply-Independent Biasing
If R
s
is replaced by a current source, the drain current I
D

becomes independent of the supply voltage V
DD
.