VOILENCE AGAINST WOMEN AND EMPOWERMENT

BY :-ANKIT TIWARI AND SANVEER LUTHRA

BBA.LLB 1ST YEAR

Who is a women ?

1. an adult female person, as distinguished from a girl or a man. 2. a wife.

3. a female lover or sweetheart.

4. a female servant or attendant. 5. women collectively; womankind. 6. the nature, characteristics, or feelings often attributed to women; womanliness

DEFINITION OF VOILENCE
Any

act of gender-based violence that results in, or is likely to result in, physical, sexual or psychological harm or suffering to women and girls, including threats of such acts, coercion or arbitrary deprivations of liberty, whether occurring in public or private life.

VOILENCE AGAINST WOMEN INCREASING

More violent forms, such as Female Foeticide Acid attacks Ritual rapes and murders Gang rapes Abductions

Defilement and forced early marriages

Nirbhaya Rape Case Delhi

The 2012 Delhi gang rape case involves a rape and murder that occurred on 16 December 2012 in Munirka, a neighbourhood located in the southern part of New Delhi, when a 23-year-old female physiotherapy intern was beaten and gang raped in a private bus in which she was travelling with a male friend. There were six others in the bus, including the driver, all of whom raped the woman. The woman died from her injuries thirteen days later while undergoing emergency treatment in Singapore. The incident generated widespread national and international coverage and was widely condemned, both in India and abroad. Subsequently, public protests against the Government of India and the Government of Delhi for not providing adequate security for women took place in New Delhi, where thousands of protesters clashed with security forces. Similar protests took place in major cities throughout the country

Nisha Sharma Dowry Case

The Gautam Budh Nagar district court on Wednesday acquitted all the accused in the infamous Nisha Sharma dowry case for the lack of concrete evidence against them. In 2003, the girl from Noida in the national capital region (NCR) shot into the limelight as she turned back her marriage party refusing to tie the knot because she claimed that her to be in-laws had asked for dowry. The police arrested Nisha's to be husband Manish Dalal and his family members for dowry harassment. However, the Gautam Budh Nagar district court acquitted all the accused saying there were not enough evidence to prove the charge.

The court also dismissed another case filed by Nisha against Navneet Rai, who had claimed that he was already married to the girl when the Dalals turned up at her residence for the marriage.
Though it came as a huge relief for the Dalal family, it was a big embarrassment for Nisha and her family members. Nisha had been hailed as a heroine in the fight against dowry after she turned back the marriage party.

EMPOWERMENT OF WOMEN HOW CAN WE DO IT

Obtaining data on violence against women use these to show the economic and social cost of VAW as well as emotional and psychological impact on the affected person It is important that the extent, nature and root causes of such violence are well-documented. By analysing such information, concrete steps can be taken, both legal and charitable, to reduce the occurrence of such violence and reduce its effects. Increase access to opportunities for women- empower women to avoid abusive relationships empower women, free them to leave behind abusive relationships Build capabilities of womenincluding physical capabilities/ create awareness/ prevention programmes/ crisis counselling & support groups Make ending VAW every ones concern; everyones business: The boys in your life need your time and energy. Your son, grandson, nephew, younger brother, your male colleague. The boys you teach, coach and mentor. All need you to help them grow into healthy men. The girls in your life what are you teaching them above all what do they see!

Faces of Indian Women

One of the most enduring cliches about India is that it is the country of contradictions. Like all cliches, this one too has a grain of truth in it. At the heart of the contradiction stand Indian women: for it is true to say that they are among the most oppressed in the world, and it is equally true to say that they are among the most liberated, the most articulate and perhaps even the most free. Can these two realities be simultaneously true? Urvashi Butalia

Facts about India

Largest democracy in the world

Land boundaries with Bangladesh, Bhutan, Myanmar, China, Nepal and Pakistan Area: 3,287,590 sq.km (slightly more than one-third the size of US)

Coastline: 7,000 k.m.

Population: 1,065,070,607 (Growth rate of 1.44%)-second largest population in the world Sex ratio: 1.07 male (s)/female

Life expectancy at birth: 63.25 years (male) and 64.77 years (female)
Ethnic groups: Indo-Aryan 72%, Dravidian 25%, Mongoloid and other 3% Religions: Hindu (81.3%), Muslim (12%), Christian (2.3%), Sikh(1.9%), Others (2.5%) Languages: 18 major languages; 216 languages in total and several thousands dialects Literacy: 59.5% (total population); 70.2% (male); and 48.3% (female)

Place of women in Indian society: A (cultural) historical perspective

The Goddess (Devi) The mother

The sister
The wife

Indian Women in Modern Times

Education Literacy

Gender gaps:

Differences across states (Kerala has highest female literacy; Rajasthan, Bihar and Uttar Pradesh have the lowest) Differences between rural and urban areas Parental preference for boys going to school Higher dropout rate among girls

Years 1971 1991 2003

Female 22% 39% 48%

Male 46% 64% 70%

Indian Women in Modern Times

Education
o

Gender gaps in higher education

About 10

percent of total women population has college education for a third of the students at college/university level

Women account In In

engineering and business, the proportion of female students is much smaller education, nearly half of the students are women

Indian Women in Modern Times

Barriers to Female Education

Poverty: one-fourth of Indias population lives below the poverty line (2002)
Social values and parental preferences Inadequate school facilities Shortage of female teachers: 29 percent at the primary level and 22 percent at the university level (1993)

Gender bias in curriculum

Indian Women in Modern Times

Employment
Difficult

to get an overall picture of employment among women in India

Most women

work in the informal sector

Women

accounted for only 23 percent of the total workers in the formal sector in 1991 The number of female workers has increased faster than the number of male workers Female unemployment rates are similar to male unemployment rates

Indian Women in Modern Times

Barriers To Female Employment
Cultural Restrictions
Hierarchical society (caste system)

Purdah system:

the veiling and seclusion of women

Discrimination at Workplace
More Less

prevalent in fields where male competition is high

prevalent in fields where competition is low

Lack

of employment opportunities

Indian Women in Modern Times

Empowerment

Social Empowerment

Education
There

is no direct relationship between education and work force participation; but may affect their participation in household decision making independence does not imply significant improvement in social standing

Economic Independence:
Economic Culture A small

and tradition play an important role fraction has opened up towards Western values

Indian Women in Modern Times

Economic Empowerment

Property Rights
Patriarchal society

Economic Decision Making

In

the household

In

businesses

Indian Women in Modern Times

Political Empowerment

Representation in democratic institutions Government reservations policy for women: the constitutional amendment of 1990s

Women and Legal Framework

Women specific Legislations

Immoral Traffic (Prevention) Act, 1956 The Maternity Benefit Act 1961 The Dowry Prohibition Act, 1961 Indecent Representation of Women (Prohibition) Act, 1986 The Commission of Sati (Prevention)Act, 1987 Protection of Women from Domestic Violence Act, 2005

Holistic approach to Empowerment

Water & San. Political Participation

Health & Nut.

Asset base

Education

Marketing

Credit
Skills Technology

Key Findings

Women are disadvantaged absolutely and relative to men in terms of access to education, media exposure, and employment for cash. The majority of married women do not have the final say on the use of their own earnings or all other household decisions asked about. Traditional gender norms, particularly those concerning wife beating, remain strongly entrenched.

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