Faradays law

Flux
Faradays law
Lenzs law
Examples
Generator
Electromagnetic Induction
Magnetic Flux
}
=
surface
A d B

u
surface over constant B if
cos cos
A B
A d B A d B A d B
surface
dA B
surface
dA B
surface


=
= = =
} } }

u u u
If B is constant
Electromagnetic Induction
}
=
surface
A d B

u
Electromagnetic Induction
}
=
surface
A d B

u
}

=
surface
dA B
A d B

u cos
bdx
x
I
a c
c
}
+
=
2
0

}
+
=
a c
c
x
dx Ib
2
0

Faradays Law
Last time we ended class by dropping a magnet
through a coil. Lets do it again.
coil
Electromagnetic Induction
Faradays Law
This phenomena is called electromagnetic induction
and is described by Faradays law. Write Faradays
law.

In order to understand Faradays law we need to
understand the concept of magnetic flux. Write the
definition of magnetic flux.
|
m
= B - dA
}
Electromagnetic Induction
dt
t d
t
) (
) (
|
c =
Faradays Law
The magnetic flux is exactly like the electric flux we
studied in Gausss law. The flux is defined in terms
of a vector area dA. Describe the magnitude and
direction of this vector.
Electromagnetic Induction
normal to area
dA
The magnitude is the common area and the
direction is normal to the area.
Lenzs Law
The direction of the emf and
thus the current is given by
Lenzs law. The statement in
bold in the center of page 789
is a statement of Lenzs law.
Use this to find the direction
of the current. If you are
looking down on the loop
from above, is the current
flowing clockwise or counter
clockwise? Explain.
Electromagnetic Induction
Lenzs Law
Electromagnetic Induction
The magnetic is moving
away from the coil so the
magnetic field is
decreasing, thus the
current is in a direction to
off-set the decrease.
The magnetic is
moving toward the coil
so the magnetic field is
increasing, thus the
current is in a direction
to off-set the increase.
Electromagnetic Induction
Faradays Law
Faradays Law
Electromagnetic Induction
Does it make a difference if it is the magnetic moving
or the coil? This was a major point in Einsteins
theory of relativity.
Electromagnetic Induction
Faradays Law
What about these two cases?
Electromagnetic Induction
Faradays Law
Faradays Law
Show that when you integrate the emf, c with respect
to time you get the average change in flux in time At.
t t dt t d
m m m
A ) ( = A =
} }
) ( ) ( c | c |
Electromagnetic Induction
dt
t d
t
) (
) (
|
c =
Average value
1 2
2
1
) (
) (
t t
dt t
t f
t
t

=
}
c
Problem
A circular wire loop with a radius of 20 cm. is in a
constant magnetic field of 0.5 T .

What is the flux through
the loop if the normal to
the loop makes an angle
of 30
0
with the magnetic
field?
= =
= = = - =
} } }
2 0 2 0
0
) 2 . 0 ( 30 cos 5 . 0 30 cos
30 cos | | cos | | ) (
m T r B
dA B A d B A d B t
m
t t
u |

30
0
normal
Electromagnetic Induction
Problem
The magnetic field increases from 0.5 T to 2.5 T in
0.8 seconds. What is the average emf, c(t) induced in
the loop.
A|
m
= (c
m
(t))At (c
m
(t)) =
A|
m
At
A|
m
= |
m
(t
f
) |
m
(t
i
) = (B
f
B
i
)cos30
0
tr
2
V
s
Tm
t
t
m
m
27 . 0
8 . 0
22 . 0
) (
2
= =
A
A
= ) (
|
c
= (2.5T 0.5T)cos30
0
t(0.2m)
2
= 0.22Tm
2
Electromagnetic Induction
Student Workbook
Student Workbook
Student Workbook
Student Workbook
Student Workbook
Student Workbook
Class Questions
Is there an induced current in this circuit? If so, what is its
direction?
1. Yes, clockwise
2. Yes, counterclockwise
3. No
Class Questions
Is there an induced current in this circuit? If so, what is its
direction?
1. Yes, clockwise
2. Yes, counterclockwise
3. No
Class Questions
A square loop of copper wire is pulled through a region of
magnetic field. Rank in order, from strongest to weakest, the
pulling forces that must be applied to keep
the loop moving at constant speed.
1 2 3 4
, , , and F F F F
1. F
2
= F
4
> F
1
= F
3

2. F
3
> F
2
= F
4
> F
1

3. F
3
> F
4
> F
2
> F
1

4. F
4
> F
2
> F
1
= F
3

5. F
4
> F
3
> F
2
> F
1

Class Questions
A square loop of copper wire is pulled through a region of
magnetic field. Rank in order, from strongest to weakest, the
pulling forces that must be applied to keep
the loop moving at constant speed.
1 2 3 4
, , , and F F F F
1. F
2
= F
4
> F
1
= F
3

2. F
3
> F
2
= F
4
> F
1

3. F
3
> F
4
> F
2
> F
1

4. F
4
> F
2
> F
1
= F
3

5. F
4
> F
3
> F
2
> F
1

Class Questions
A current-carrying wire is
pulled away from a
conducting loop in the
direction shown. As the wire is
moving, is there a cw current
around the loop, a ccw current
or no current?
1. There is a clockwise current around the loop.
2. There is a counterclockwise current around the loop.
3. There is no current around the loop.
Class Questions
A current-carrying wire is
pulled away from a
conducting loop in the
direction shown. As the wire is
moving, is there a cw current
around the loop, a ccw current
or no current?
1. There is a clockwise current around the loop.
2. There is a counterclockwise current around the loop.
3. There is no current around the loop.
Class Questions
A conducting loop is halfway into a
magnetic field. Suppose the
magnetic field begins to increase
rapidly in strength. What happens to
the loop?
1. The loop is pushed upward, toward the top of the page.
2. The loop is pushed downward, toward the bottom of the page.
3. The loop is pulled to the left, into the magnetic field.
4. The loop is pushed to the right, out of the magnetic field.
5. The tension is the wires increases but the loop does not move.
Class Questions
A conducting loop is halfway into a
magnetic field. Suppose the
magnetic field begins to increase
rapidly in strength. What happens to
the loop?
1. The loop is pushed upward, toward the top of the page.
2. The loop is pushed downward, toward the bottom of the page.
3. The loop is pulled to the left, into the magnetic field.
4. The loop is pushed to the right, out of the magnetic field.
5. The tension is the wires increases but the loop does not move.
Example: Induction stove
The pan on the stove is heated by eddy currents
produced by induction.
Electromagnetic Induction

Would this stove
work with a
ceramic bowl?
Does the surface
of the stove get
hot?
Application of Faradays Law
Generator
Electromagnetic Induction
Application of Faradays Law
Magnetic Recording
Electromagnetic Induction
Electromagnetic Induction
Two types of electric fields. One is created by charge and the
other is created by a changing magnetic field.
The Most Important Point of Faradays Law
A changing magnetic field produces
or creates an electric field.
Student Workbook