Transient PSpice Analysis (7.

4)

Dr. Holbert April 26, 2006

ECE201 Lect-23

Typical Transient Problems

What is the voltage as a capacitor discharges to zero? What is the voltage as a capacitor charges from one voltage (often zero) to another constant voltage? How does the current through an inductor increase from zero to a final value? How does the current through an inductor decrease from an initial value to zero?
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More Typical Problems

What are the transient and AC steady-state responses of an RC circuit to a sinusoidal source? What are the transient and AC steady-state responses of an RL circuit to a sinusoidal source?

ECE201 Lect-23

Solutions
Changes in capacitor voltages and inductor currents from one value to another are easily solved. Changes in other voltages or currents in the circuit may or may not be easy to solve directly; they are all easy to solve using Laplace transforms (EEE 302).
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More Solutions
Steady-state responses to sinusoidal sources are easy to find using AC steady-state analysis. Transient responses to sinusoidal sources are hard to find directly; they are easier to find using Laplace transforms.

ECE201 Lect-23

Example Problems:
Changes from one value to another
Computer RAM Refresh time Write time Stator coil on a motor Response to a step in current

ECE201 Lect-23

Computer RAM-1 Bit

3.3V
Precharge Q1 Sense Amp + Vout

Data

Q2

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How the RAM Works

When the Precharge line is high (> 3V) and the Data line is low (~0V), transistor Q1 is on and the capacitor charges up to 3V. If the Data line goes high after the capacitor is charged, then Q2 turns on and the capacitor discharges.

ECE201 Lect-23

RAM Discharge
With Q1 and Q2 off, the capacitor holds a charge that represents the stored data bit. This charge leaks through Q2, the input of the sense amplifier, and the capacitor. To determine the time before a refresh is necessary, we can use a simple equivalent circuit.
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RAM Discharge Equivalent Circuit

+ 1MW 1000pF v(t)

The 1MW resistor models the parallel combination of the off resistance of Q2, the input resistance of the sense amplifier, and the leakage resistance of the capacitor.
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What is the time constant for this circuit?

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The RAM Discharge Time

The RAM discharge time is the time required for the capacitor to discharge to a given voltage from an initial voltage of 3V. What is the initial voltage? What is the DC steady state (final) voltage? What does the capacitor voltage v(t) look like?
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Capacitor Voltage
v(t) = 3Ve-t/RC
3 2.5 2 1.5 1 0.5 0 0 0.001 0.002 0.003 0.004 0.005

v(t)

t
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Refresh Rate
Suppose we must refresh before v(t) drops below 1.5V. How long can we wait before a refresh?
3 2.5 2 1.5 1 0.5 0 0 0.001 0.002 0.003 0.004 0.005

v(t)

t = 0.693ms

t
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RAM Precharge
With Q2 off, Q1 is turned on to charge the capacitor. The current to charge the capacitor comes through Q1. To determine the time necessary to precharge the capacitor, we use a simple equivalent circuit.
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RAM Precharge Equivalent Circuit

10W 3.3V + 1000pF + v(t)

The 10 W resistor models the on resistance of Q1.

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What is the time constant for this circuit?

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The RAM Precharge Time

The RAM precharge time is the time required for the capacitor to charge to a voltage of 3V from an initial voltage of 0V. What is the initial voltage? What is the DC steady state (final) voltage? What does the capacitor voltage v(t) look like?
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Capacitor Voltage
v(t) = 3.3V(1-e-t/RC)
3.5 3 2.5 2 1.5 1 0.5 0 0 1E-08 2E-08 3E-08 4E-08 5E-08

v(t)

t
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Precharge Time
Suppose we must precharge the capacitor to 3V. How long does this take?
3.5 3 2.5 2 1.5 1 0.5 0 0 1E-08 2E-08 3E-08 4E-08 5E-08

v(t)

t = 24.0ns
t
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PSpice Defibrillator Example

Start PSpice and enter circuit diagram Set capacitor and inductor initial conditions Setup Transient analysis, 0.01 ms step to 15 ms end Run simulation; Probe starts automatically Plot: (1) 50W resistor voltage, (2) capacitor voltage, and (3) clockwise inductor current Find peak heart voltage and current Determine charging time constant ()
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Heart Defibrillator Circuit

50 mH

t=5ms 20 W 30 F + 6000 V

t=5ms

50 W

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