ENGINEERING PLANT TECHNOLOGY

GROUP MEMBERS

No
1

Name

Name :MUHAMMAD FAKHRUDDIN BIN ABDUL MOEN Id No :01DKM11F2028

2

Name :MUHAMAD FAREEZ BIN BAHARUDDIN Id No :01DKM11F2033

3

Name :FATEEN FAEZAH BINTI MANSOR Id No :01DKM11F2031

4

Name :RAJMOGEN A/L RAMAKRISHNAN Id No :01DKM11F2032

5

Name : MUHAMAD FAIZ BIN AJID Id No : 01DKM11F2034

6

Name : SHANKAR A/L BALAIZAM Id No : 01DKM11F2030

Compressed Air => air kept under a pressure greater than atmospheric pressure. Serve many domestic and industrial purpose. Use in Pneumatic System.

Intake Air Filter

Prevent dust from entering compressor

Inter-stage Coolers
Reduce the temperature of the air before enter the next stage.

After Coolers
To remove the moisture in the air by reducing the temperature in water-cooled heat exchanger.

Air-dryers
Removes the remaining traces of moisture after after-cooler using absorbent like silica gel or refrigerant dryers.

Moisture Drain Traps

Remove moisture in compressed air.

Receivers
Provide storage and smoothening pulsating air output. Reducing pressure variation from compressor.

Mining
Rock drilling and carriage systems Pneumatic hammer and chisels

Plastic Industry
Transport of granulate in pipes Ejecting work piece from production

Textile Industry
Thread detector Sewing needle and system cooling

Easily Transported
Air is available everywhere Compressed air can be transported over great distance in pipeline

Easily Stored
Easy to store compressed air in purpose-built tank Compressed air bottles can be used at location with no pipe lines (underwater)

Lightweight
Pneumatic device lighter than equipment with electrical power units. Pneumatic screw drivers and hammers

Safe To Use
Work perfectly when there are great temperature fluctuation and the temperatures are extreme For operating forge presses and blast furnace doors

Accident Proof
Even in areas with risk of fire, explosion and extreme weather, pneumatic element can be used.

Fast Work Medium

The very high flows speeds allow rapid completion of work cycles. Provide short cut in time and fast conversion energy to work

Compressor

Dynamic

Positive

(Centrifugal)

Displacement

compressor a cylinder bore encloses a moving piston. As the crankshaft of the compressor rotate, the piston moves within the cylinder, similar to the piston in a car engine the piston is pulled down, the volume increases, creating a lower atmospheric pressure in the piston chamber.

This difference in pressure causes air to enter via the inlet valve This difference in pressure causes air to enter via the inlet valve . As the piston is forced upwards the volume of air reduces The air pressure therefore increases. Eventually the pressure forces the outlet valve to open.

Reciprocating
Most widely used They are characterized by a flow output that remains nearly constant over a range of discharge pressures. The compressor capacity is directly proportional to the speed. The output, however, is a pulsating one.

4.2.4 Rotor Dynamic Compressor

Rotary Compressor
Rotary compressors have rotors in place of pistons and give a continuous, pulsation free discharge air Require smaller foundations, vibrate less, and have a lower number of parts - which means less failure rate.

Free air delivery refers to harmonized measure of the capacity of an air compressor. To determine the free air delivery of a compressor, the temperature and pressure at the inlet of the compressor are required in addition to the pressure and temperature of the outlet air along with the volume discharged.

Lubrication helps reduce friction between sliding surfaces to not only improve efficiency and increase cycling speed of a component, but reduces wear, which ultimately means longer component life and less maintenance.

a device which removes contaminants from a compressed air stream. This can be done using a number of different techniques, from using a "media" type that traps particulates, but allows air to pass through to a venturi, to a membrane that only allows air to pass through.

Proper compressor control is essential to efficient operation and high performance. System master controls coordinate all of the functions necessary to optimize compressed air as a utility the ability to monitor and control all components in the system, as well as trending data, to enhance maintenance functions and minimize costs of operation

allow the removal of condensate from the compressed air system. Automatic condensate traps are used to conserve energy by preventing the loss of air through open petcocks and valves. Poorly maintained traps can waste a lot of compressed air.

Both a general purpose pre-filter and an oil filter and an oil removal filter should be installed just downstream of the compressor aftercooler to remove solid contaminants, water and oil. A dryer should be installed between the aftercooler and receiver. Pressure drop between the receiver and the point of use should be kept at a minimum. The loss should be 3% or less of the line pressure.

The electric generator is the motor that is used to compress air. At night, it uses electricity to create a mechanical force, and in the daytime mechanical power is applied to generate electricity.

Industry

Example Compressed Air Uses

Food

Dehydration, bottling, controls and actuators, conveying, spraying coatings, cleaning, vacuum packing Agitating liquids, clamping, conveying, automated equipment, controls and actuators, loom jet weaving, spinning, texturizing Conveying, clamping, tool powering, controls and actuators, automated equipment Sawing, hoisting, clamping, pressure treatment, controls and actuators Air piston powering, tool powering, clamping, spraying, controls and actuators

Textiles

Apparel Lumber and Wood Furniture

Industry

Example Compressed Air Uses

Pulp and Paper

Conveying, controls and actuators

Chemicals
Petroleum

Conveying, controls and actuators

Process gas compressing, controls and actuators

Rubber and Plastics

Tool powering, clamping, controls and actuators, forming, mold press powering, injection molding

Stone, Clay, and Conveying, blending, mixing, controls and Glass actuators, glass blowing and molding, cooling Primary Metals Vacuum melting, controls and actuators, hoisting

Metals

Assembly station powering, tool powering,

Industrial facilities use compressed air for a multitude of operations. Almost every industrial facility has at least two compressors, and in a medium-sized plant there may be hundreds of different uses of compressed air.

A variable-speed drive (VSD) air compressor is an air compressor that takes advantage of variable-speed drive technology. This type of compressor uses a special drive to control the speed (RPM) of the unit, which in turn saves energy compared to a fixed speed equivalent

The benefits of this technology included reducing power cost, reducing power surges (from starting AC motors), and delivering a more constant pressure. The down side of this technology is the heavy expense associated with the drive, and the sensitivity of these drives specifically to heat and moisture.