Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
Roger L. Tokheim
Chapter 4
INTRODUCTION
Logic Circuit from a Boolean expression
INTRODUCTION (continued)
Data selectors and their use
from
from
QUIZ
Draw the OR-AND logic diagram for the Boolean expression: (A+B) (C+D) = Y Step 1:
Step 2:
Step 3:
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Boolean Expressions
Sum-of-products form:
AB + CD =Y Also called the minterm form
Product-of-sums form:
(A + B) (C + D) = Y Also called the maxterm form
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QUIZ
1. The Boolean expression AB + BC = Y is in __________ (product-of-sums, sum-ofproducts) form. 2. The Boolean expression (A+B) (B+C) + Y is in __________ (product-ofsums, sum-of-products) form. 3. The Boolean expression (A+B) (B+C) = Y is in __________ (maxterm, minterm) form. 4. The Boolean expression AB + BC = Y is in __________ (maxterm, minterm) form. sum-of-products
product-of-sums
maxterm
minterm
Truth Table Input Output ABC Y 000 0 001 0 010 1 011 0 100 0 101 0 110 0 111 1
Step 1: Focus only on the truth table lines with outputs of 1. Step 2: AND the inputs for these two lines and logically OR the ANDed groups.
ABC + ABC=Y
QUIZ
Truth Table Input Output ABC Y Write the Boolean expression that describes the logic in this truth table.
1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
ABC + ABC=Y
QUIZ
Truth Table Input Output ABC Y 000 001 010 011 100 101 110 111 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1
1. Write the sum-of-products Boolean expression for this truth table. ______________________________ ABC + ABC = Y
2. Write the minterm Boolean expression for this truth table. ______________________________ ABC + ABC = Y
Truth Table Input Output ABC Y 000 001 010 011 100 101 110 111 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0
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Step 1: Place single 1 output column for term with three variables.
Step 2: Place two 1s in output column for term with two variables. Step 3: Fill in 0s.
Truth Table Input Output ABC Y 000 001 010 011 100 101 110 111 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1
2008 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
QUIZ
1. Fill in the output column of the truth table for the Boolean expression ABC + ABC = Y.
QUIZ
1. Fill in the output column of the truth table for the Boolean expression AB + ABC = Y.
1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0
This line not be considered the loop. This line isis not toto be considered inin the loop.
Simplified Expression: AC + AB = Y
RULE: Eliminate term within loop that contains a term and its complement.
2008 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Step 1: Plot 1s Step 2: Loop groups Step 3: Eliminate variables Step 4: Form simplified minterm expression
_ _ AB _ AB AB _ AB
1 1
B C
Simplified Expression: A C + A B = Y
2008 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
QUIZ
Simplify Boolean Expression (Karnaugh map method)
Unsimplified Boolean expression (4 variables):
ABCD + ABCD + ABCD + ABCD = Y Step 1: Plot 1s Step 2: Loop groups Step 3: Eliminate variables Step 4: Form simplified minterm expression
_ _ AB _ AB AB _ AB __ CD _ CD _ CD
CD
1 1
B D
Step 2: Substitute NAND gates for each inverter, AND, and OR gate.
NOTE: Both logic diagrams will generate the same truth table.
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Data Inputs
W Output
B A
QUIZ
What is the output from the data selector?
1-of-8 Data Selector
1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 2 3 4 W 5 6 7 C B A
Data Inputs
0 1 1 0 1 0
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QUIZ
Use the data selector to perform the logic described in the truth table
Truth Table
C B A Y
0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1
0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1
0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1
1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0
HIGH LOW
0 1 1 0 0 1
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Converts back and forth from Boolean expression, truth table, and Screen from Electronics Workbench or MultiSIM logic diagram
2008 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
ABC+ABC+ABC+ABC+ABC
AB + C
AB+C=Y is converted into this AND-OR logic diagram by the simulation software
AB + C
QUIZ
1. A circuit simulator such as Electronic Workbench or MultiSIM contain a useful instrument called a __________ (logic converter, logic probe) used to convert back and forth from truth table to Boolean expression. 2. The logic converter instrument from Electronic Workbench or MultiSIM can convert back and forth from logic diagram to Boolean expression. (True or False)
logic converter
True
QUIZ
1. The Boolean expression A B + C D = Y is written as _______ in keyboard style. 2. The Boolean expression A+B+C = Y is written as _______ in keyboard style.
A B + CD = Y
(A+B+C) = Y
A B C = Y
DeMorgans Theorems
First theorem:
A+B=A
Both used
theorem:
A B=A+B
DeMorgans Theorems
First theorem:
A+B=A B
Second theorem:
A B=A+B
DeMorgans Theorems
START > A B=Y A B=Y
Step 1: Change all ORs to ANDs and all ANDs to ORs.
A+B=Y
A+B=Y
A+B=Y
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QUIZ
1. The statement A B = A + B is DeMorgans __________ (first, second) theorem and suggests converting from a NAND to an OR situation. 2. The statement A + B = A B is DeMorgans __________ (first, second) theorem and suggests converting from a NOR to an AND situation.
second
first
PLDs
Programmable Logic Device (PLD) - The generic name for an IC that can be programmed by the user to execute a complex logic function. PLDs have many inputs and outputs. PLDs can be used to implement minterm Boolean expressions using AND-OR logic. More complex PLDs have latches and other memory devices.
PLDs have several advantages. PLDs are inexpensive, can be programmed by the user, and very reliable.
2008 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
PLDs (continued)
PLD is generic for a programmable logic device, but are also known by many other names including: PAL - programmable array logic GAL - generic array logic
QUIZ
1. PLD is the generic name for a __________ (peripheral logic driver, programmable logic device) which is an IC that can solve logic problems. 2. PLDs commonly have many inputs but always have only one output. (True or False) 3. PLDs have several advantages including they can be programmed in the local lab or school, are very reliable, and inexpensive. (True or False) 4. Various manufacturers might refer to PLDs by acronyms like TTLs, CMOSs, PALs, ASCIIs, ASVABs, CPLSs, FPGAs, PEELs, or GALs. (True or False) programmable logic device
False
True
False
Digital Inputs
B C
Input A ==LOW Input A LOW Input A = HIGH Input B = LOW Input B = LOW Input B = LOW Input C = LOW Input C = HIGH Input C = LOW
Digital Outputs
Logic Expressions in PBASIC: Y1= (A&B&C)|(~A&~B&~C) Step Download program from Step 4: Power OFF and ON (BS2 module). Y2= 2: (~A&~B)|(A&C) PC BS2 module. Manipulate andto observe outputs. Y3=inputs (~A)|(~B&C)
Y1 Y2 Y3
QUIZ
1. The BASIC Stamp module contains an inexpensive
microcontroller
PC (Personal Computer)
3. A BASIC Stamp (such as the BS2 module) will always have many inputs but only one output. (True or False) 4. Programming the BASIC Stamp module is done using an easy-to-use language called _____ (PBASIC, MICRO).
False
PBASIC
REVIEW
Logic Circuit from a Boolean expression
Karnaugh mapping
NAND logic
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REVIEW (continued)
Data selectors and their use Solving logic problems with data selectors Using computer simulations Variations in Boolean expressions DeMorgans theorem PLDs (programmable logic devices) BASIC Stamp modules
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