Microprocessors

Binary Number System

CPU Code Book

CPU Code Book

The CPU

About CPU

Motherboard Components Used for Communication Among Devices

The Data Bus

System of pathways used for communication and the protocol and methods used for transmission

The Bus and Bus Lines

Data Bus

System Clock

Clock Speed

Of motherboard
Measured in megahertz (MHz)

Of CPU
Measured in gigahertz (GHz)

Basic Components of a CPU

Input/output (I/O) unit

Arithmetic logic unit(s) (ALU)

Control unit

How the CPU Works

Attributes Used to Rate CPUs

Processor core speed (measured in gigahertz)

Efficiency/special functionality of programming code System bus speeds the processor supports

Attributes Used to Rate CPUs (continued)

Amount of memory included with the CPU (internal and external cache) Type of RAM, motherboard, and chip set the processor supports Multiprocessor ability

The Pentiums

Two ALUs (a true multiprocessor)

64-bit external path size and two 32-bit internal paths (one for each ALU) Terminology
Bus speed

Processor speed
Multiplier Memory cache

Memory Cache

Microprocessors

Microprocessors

Microprocessors

The grid array package has been popular since the mid-1980s. The most common form of grid array is the pin grid array (PGA). PGA CPUs are distinguished by their square shape with manyusually hundredsof tiny pins.

ZIF Socket

To make CPU insertion and removal easier, these socketsofficially called zero insertion force (ZIF)
that fits over the socket to hold the CPU in place. ZIF sockets are universal and easily identified by their squarish shape.

socketsuse a small arm on the side of the socket

ZIF Socket

ZIF Socket

Most sockets today have names like Socket 940 and Socket 775 to reflect the number of pins.

Pentium III

Pentium 4

AMD Processors (continued)

VIA C3 Processor

64-Bit Processors

Intel Itanium
(Intel Pentium 4 6xx series) AMD 64 bit Processors i.e AMD Opteron Simultaneous 32 & 64 bit Processor by AMD Turion, Athlon 64 Fx

The Itanium 2 Processor

AMD 64-Bit Processors

CPU Heat Sinks and Cooling Fans

Combination Heat Sink and Cooling Fan

CPU Slots and Sockets

Motherboard and processor must match

Slots 1 and 2 are proprietary Intel slots Slot A and Socket A are proprietary AMD connectors

CPU Slots and Sockets (continued)

Socket/ Slot
Socket 7

Processors
AMD K6-2, AMD K6-III, Intel Pentium MMX Intel Pentium II, Intel Pentium III, Intel Celeron Intel Pentium II Xeon (Servers) AMD Athlon (K7) Intel Pentium III, Intel Celeron, VIA C3 AMD Athlon (Thunderbird), AMD Athlon XP (Palomino), AMD Athlon XP (Thoroughbred), AMD Duron (Spitfire, Morgan) Intel Pentium 4 (Willamette), Intel Pentium 4 (Northwood) Intel Pentium 4 (Northwood), Intel Celeron (Willamette)

System Clock (FSB)

66, 100, 133 MHz

Slot 1 Slot2 Slot A Socket 370

66, 100, 133 MHz

100 MHz (200 MHz DDR) 100, 133 MHz

Socket A (Socket 462)

100 MHz (200 MHz DDR), 133 MHz (266 MHz DDR)

Socket 423 Socket 478

100 MHz (400 MHz quad-pumped) 100 MHz (400 MHz quad-pumped), 133 MHz / (533 MHz quadpumped)

CPU Slots and Sockets (continued)

CPU Slots and Sockets (continued)

More info: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CPU_socket

CPU Voltage Requirements

CPU Voltage Regulator

Dual-voltage CPUs
Single-voltage CPUs

Voltage regulator module (VRM) controls amount of voltage to the CPU

CPU Voltage Regulator (continued)

Accelerated Hub Architecture

Replace a CPU?

Cost Cooling Performance

Installing a CPU

Installing a CPU

Installing a CPU

Installing a CPU

Installing a CPU