FIRE SAFETY

P.D. NO. 1185

OF THE PHILIPPINES AND REGULATIONS

PRESIDENTIAL DECREE NO. 1185 FIRE CODE OF THE PHILIPPINES WHEREAS, death and injury to persons and loss and damage to property by fire have reached alarming proportion that the economic and social gains of the society are being continually undermined; WHEREAS, in order to effect a meaningful reduction of the alarming fire losses, there is a need to develop national consciousness and involvement of all persons in the prevention and suppression of fire; WHEREAS, fire prevention and suppression require the adoption of uniform fire safety standards, the incorporation of fire safety construction and provision of protective and safety devices in buildings and structures;

WHEREAS, there is an urgent need for an emergency primarily responsible for the implementation and coordination of the activities of all sectors of society on fire safety, prevention and suppression. WHEREAS, in order to effectively implement all efforts to minimize the occurrence of fires and their destructive effects, full financial, equipment and personnel support by the government and the private sector in necessary

DECLARATION OF POLICIES
The following are declared policies of the State:

a. The government, with the cooperation of the private sector, shall develop and promulgate sets of standards and regulations taking into consideration the latest development in fire technology suitable to Philippine conditions;
b. Fire prevention and safety shall be given equal, if not greater emphasis as the suppression, or extinguishment of fire. Fire prevention shall be undertaken continuously involving all sectors of the community.

c. The Fire Service of the Integrated National Police shall endeavor to respond to all fires before they reach critical and conflagration stages. Towards this end, the organization, administration and operation of the Fire Service shall be improved and developed, its personnel and equipment augmented and effective fire alarm systems set-up; and

d. The Fire Service shall be professionalized. For this purpose, educational institutions shall endeavor to include in their curricula, courses on fire technology and fire protection engineering.

RULE 1 GENERAL PROVISIONS

DIVISION 1 GENERAL SEC. 1.103 REQUIRED FIRE SAFETY

PROGRAM / MEASURES
A. In addition to the requirements provided for in Sec. 1.102, lessees or occupants of buildings, structure or facilities shall observe all pertinent fire safety measures as set forth in P.D.1185 and in subsequent Rules of the Fire Code.

B. All occupants or lessees of buildings, structures or facilities shall organize themselves and develop and implement fire safety programs to include among others, fire prevention in the premises, notification of the fire service to the existence of a fire, evacuation of persons and initial fire fighting. The building owner shall take the initiative of formulating the fire safety program for his building and of organizing the occupants to implement the program.

THE BEST WAY TO PREVENT THE OCCURRENCE OF FIRE IS

TO HAVE

NO FIRE
AT ALL

THRU:
EDUCATION / ORIENTATION ESTABLISHMENT OF FIRE BRIGADE ORGANIZATION EXERCISE / TRAINING - FIRE DRILL - HANDS-ON FIRE EXTINGUISHER

IGNITION SOURCES OF FIRE

ELECTRICAL 23% CUTTING & WELDING EXPOSURE INCENDIARISM MECHANICAL SPARKS MOLTEN SUBSTANCES CHEMICAL ACTION STATIC SPARKS LIGHTING MISCELLANEOUS 4% 3% 3% 2% 2% 1% 1% 1% 1%

SMOKING
FRICTION

18%
10% 8% 7%

OVERHEATED MATERIALS HOT SURFACE -

BURNER FLAMES
COMBUSTION SPARKS SPONTANEOUS IGNITION

7%
5% 4%

Chemistry and Physics of Fire

FIRE is a rapid, self-sustaining oxidation process accompanied by the evolution of heat and light -is the combination of combustible materials (fuel) with oxygen in the presence of enough heat. Oxidation - the act or process of combining with oxygen.

Products of Fire
Flame Heat Smoke Fire Gases

THERMAL

NON-THERMAL

Fire Gases

Carbon Monoxide Carbon Dioxide Ammonia Hydrogen Chloride Sulfur Dioxide

Classes of Fire
Class A Occur in ordinary combustible materials such as wood, paper, rugs and rubbish. Class B Occur in vapor-air mixture over the surface of flammable liquids, such as gasoline, oil, thinners.

Classes of Fire
Class C Occur in or near energized electrical equipment where non-conducting extinguishing agents must be used.

Class D Occur in combustible metals, such as magnesium, potassium, powdered aluminum, zinc.

TRIANGLE OF FIRE

FUEL

HEAT

OXYGEN

TETRAHEDRON
FUEL
CHEMICAL
CHAIN REACTION

HEAT

OXYGEN

INCIPIENT PHASE or beginning of fire

oxygen is plentiful
Temp has not built to high peak Breathing not difficult

Direct water application

Ventilation: not a problem Little steam production

FREE BURNING PHASE fire begins to deplete the rooms oxygen supply and temperature greatly increased.

Fire has involved more fuels Oxygen supply is being depleted Heat accumulates at ceiling SCBA is a must

Ventilation: not a definite need

Good steam production

SMOLDERING PHASE after oxygen content of the air falls below 15%, the fire enters a smoldering phase where flame may cease but dense smoke and heat completely fill the room.

Oxygen supply is below 15% Temp is very high Normal breathing not possible Backdraft hazard

Fire extinguishment: indirect method

Ventilation is a must

CONDUCTION transmission of heat from one substance to another by direct contact from molecules.
CONVECTION transmission of heat through contact with molecules of hot gases when molecules of gases move upward and transmits to any other surface.

RADIATION transmission of heat from a source even through space.

Fire Control Methods

Cooling Smothering
Starvation Inhibition

ORGANIZATION, TRAINING AND PROCEDURES

Those whose duty is to fight fires comes from three lines of defense: 1.Personnel working in the area where the fire starts 2.The worker fire brigade 3.The public fire brigade

It is strongly advised that all personnel be instructed in special session and that fire drill is needed at least twice a year in which they can practice what they have been taught

Is an appliance designated to be carried and operated by hand containing an extinguisher medium which can be expelled by the action of internal pressure and be directed on to a fire.

Antitamper seal
lockpin

handle

Pressure gauge

Activation Squeeze Handle (looks like the open mouth of an alligator)

Nozzle or horn

Inspector check tag

Hose or coupling

Position and legibility of faceplate

Cylinder should be in good condition

Tag showing last recharge and inspection date

 Be kept fully charged and in their designated places

Be located along normal paths of travel Not to be obstructed or obscured from view Not to be mounted higher than 5 (1.5m.) to the top of the extinguisher, if they weigh 40 lbs (18kg.) or less but heavier, not more than 3.5 (1m.)

Report used extinguishers

Watch for tampering

Recharge properly

Do not mix dry chemicals

Watch for corrosion

Keep nozzle clean

Check for low pressure

Conduct regular inspection

Types of Portable FX

Carbon Dioxide Dry Chemical (Ordinary & MultiPurpose) Aqueous Film Forming Foam (AFFF) Halon 1211 Dry Powder

General Operating Steps

PULL the pin. AIM the nozzle. SQUEZZE the lever. SWEEP from side-to-side.