Plant Location

The geographic location of a final plant can have a strong influence on the success of an industrial venture. Considerable care must be exercised in selecting the plant site, and many different factors must be considered. Primarily, the plant should be located where the minimum cost of production and distribution can be obtained; but other factors such as room for expansion and safe living conditions for plant operation as the surrounding community are also important.

The following factors should be considered for the selection of plant:

1. Raw material availability 2. Market 3. Energy availability 4. Climate 5. Transport facilities 6. Water Supply 7. Waste disposal 8. Labour supply 9. Taxation and legal restrictions 10. Site characteristics 11. Flood and fire protection 12. Community factors The factors that must be evaluated in a plant location study indicate the need for vast amount of information, both quantitative (statistical) and qualitative. Fortunately a large number of agencies, public and private, publish useful information of this type greatly reducing the actual gathering of the data.

Plant Layout
After the process flow diagram are completed and before detailed piping, structural and electrical design begin, the layout of process units in a plant and the equipment within these process units must be planned. This layout can play an important part in determining construction and manufacturing cost and thus must be planned carefully with attention being given to future problems that may arise Since each plant differs in many ways and no two pant sites are exactly alike, there is no one ideal plant layout, However proper layout in each case will include arrangement of processing areas, storage areas, and handling areas in efficient coordination and with regard to such factors as: 1. New site development or addition to previously developed site 2. Type and quality of product to be produced 3. Type of process and product control 4. Operational convenience and accessibility 5. economic distribution of utilities and services 6. Type of building required and building code requirements 7. Health and safety considerations 8. Waste disposal requirement 9. Auxiliary equipment's 10. Space available and space required 11. Roads and railroads 12. Possible future expansion

PLANT OPERATION AND CONTROL

In the design of an industrial plant, the methods which will be used for plant operation and control help determine many of the design variables e.g.. The extent of instrumentation can be a factor in choosing the type of process and setting the labour requirement.. Remember that maintenance work will be necessary to keep the installed equipment and facilities in good operating condition. The engineer must recognize the importance of such factors which are directly related to plant operation and control and must be take them into proper account during the development of a design project
Instrumentation Instrument are used in the chemical industry to measure a process variables such as temperature, pressure, density, specific heat, conductivity, pH, humidity, dew point, liquid level, flow rate, chemical composition, and moisture content. By use of instrument having varying degrees of complexity, the values of these variables can be recorded continuously and controlled within narrow limits. It is a need of high speed computers. Maintenance Many of the problems involved in maintenance are often caused by not thoroughly evaluating the original design and layout of plant and equipment.. Sufficient space for maintenance work on equipment and facilities must be provided in the plant layout, and the engineer need to consider maintenance and its safety requirement when making decision on equipment.

A computer controlled system for modern industrial plant

PATENT CONSIDERATIONS A patent is essentially a contract between an inventor and the public. In consideration of full disclosure of the invention to the public, the patentee is given exclusive rights to control the use and practise of the invention, A patent gives to the holder the power to prevent others from using or practising the invention for a period of 17 years from the date of granting. In contras, trade secret and certain types of confidential discosure can receive protection under common law right only as long as the secret information is not public knowledge. A new design should be examined to make certain no patent infringement are involved. If the investigation can uncover one legally expired patent covering the details of the propose process, the method can be used with no fear of patent difficulties. An engineer therefor should have a working knowledge of the basis practice and principles of patent law

PATENT CERTIFICATE