Intrapreneurship

LEARNING OUTCOMES
Define intrapreneurship Differentiate between entrepreneurs and intrapreneurs Explain how creativity and innovation are related List the characteristics of creative people List the characteristics of a creative climate in a business Distinguish among innovation, creativity and entrepreneurship Mention the actions that are necessary to create the ability to innovate in a business

LEARNING OUTCOMES
Outline the sources of innovation in a business Discuss the intrapreneurial process Identify the factors that hamper intrapreneurship Discuss the intrapreneurial way of leadership Briefly outline how to manage intrapreneurship in a business Discuss how intrapreneurship is implemented in the South African business

DEFINITION OF INTRAPRENEURSHIP
...Any of the dreamers who do. Those who take hands-on responsibility for creating innovation of any kind, within a business. The intrapreneur may be the creator or inventor but is always the dreamer who figures out how to turn an idea into a profitable reality. Intrapreneurs are therefore people who put new ideas into action within established businesses. Although employed in a corporate position intrapreneurs are nevertheless given freedom and incentives to create and market their own ideas.

THE DIFFERENCES BETWEEN ENTREPRENEURS AND INTRAPRENEURS

Forms taken by intrapreneurship:
Traditional research and development The ad hoc venture team New venture divisions Champions and sponsors Acquisitions Outsourcing Hybrid forms
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ROLES IN INTRAPRENEURSHIP
Initiator Sponsor/facilitator Champion/manager Team supporter Reactor

FIFTEEN MORE SPECIFIC JOBS

Researcher/analyser Interpreter/strategist Visionary/inventory Catalyst or leader Endorser Team player Resource provider Problem solver Co-ordinator Negotiator Politician Change manager Missionary Opportunist Critic/judge

CREATIVITY AND INNOVATION

THE CHARACTERISTICS OF CREATIVE PEOPLE

Bright Good at generating many ideas quickly Positive self-image Sensitive to the world and others Motivated by challenges Can withhold a decision until facts have been collected Value independence Rich fantasy life Flexible Concerned with meanings and implications of a problem not small details
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THE CREATIVE CLIMATE

Trusting management Open channels of communication Contact and communication with outsiders Large variety of personality types among employees Willingness to accept change Experimentation with new ideas No fear of negative consequences of making a mistake Merit-based selection/promotion of employees Techniques that encourage ideas Financial, managerial, human and time resources to accomplish goals
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STIMULATING INNOVATION IN THE BUSINESS

Focus employee intelligence on the product and customer Enhance subject matter expertise Encourage unconventional ideas Encourage employees not to fear ambiguity or uncertainty Avoid forcing employees to explain or justify themselves Motivate employees in a suitable manner
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THE INTRAPRENEURIAL PROCESS

Stage 1: Choosing an idea Stage 2: Planning the business Stage 3: Identifying sponsors - the protectors of new ideas

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FACTORS HAMPERING INTRAPRENEURSHIP

Costs and rewards Inertia Hierarchy

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THE INTRAPRENEURIAL WAY OF LEADERSHIP

Important components:
Freedom, democracy and trade-offs Making others feel good No need for power Avoiding conflict

Sharing the visionary task

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IMPLEMENTATION OF INTRAPRENEURSHIP IN THE SOUTH AFRICAN BUSINESS

The individual intrapreneur The intrapreneurial team The intrapreneurial organisation Intrepreneurial outposts

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