Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
IBMCC-CSIC-USAL.
Universidad de Salamanca
Consejo Superior de
Investigaciones Científicas
Unión Europea
The presence of an
untreatable problem
generates a research need
MOLECULAR
IMAGING
MOLECULAR
IMAGING
MOLECULAR
IMAGING
ESCENARIO
Cáncer
CANCER
?
One picture as worth ten thousand words
Frederic Barnhard (1927)
EVOLUCIÓN
PAST: Cut, then see.
PRESENT: See, then cut.
Preoperative Imaging
Intraoperative Execution
FUTURE: Combine, see and minimally cut.
1) X-Rays
PHYSIOLOGY
Clinical Study - Lung Tumour
CT PET
Fused
MULTIMODALITY APPROACH
ANATOMY
Clinical Study - Lung Tumour
CT PET
Fused
MULTIMODALITY APPROACH
CT PET
Fused
MULTIMODALITY
APPROACH
CT PET
Fused
TÉCNICAS DE IMAGEN
IMAGING TESTS
Rayos-X
BMI methods: X-Ray imaging
• The annihilation creates two x-ray photons that fly off the point of annihilation (at the speed of light) in (nearly) opposite directions.
• The photons, in turn, are captured by a pair of crystals within a ring of these detectors.
• The counts of these coincident events constitute the intensity of the attenuated projections.
Labeling and Tracers
• One of the big advantages of Carbon-11 Study of kidney and renal disease 20.3 minutes
PET is that the atoms that can
be labeled are the same atoms Oxygen-15 Attached to oxygen gas for the study 2.03 minutes
that naturally comprise the of oxygen metabolism, carbon
organic molecules in the body. monoxide for the study of blood
Like oxygen, carbon, nitrogen,
etc. volume, or water for the study of
blood flow in the brain
Fluorine-18 Usually attached to a glucose 109.8 minutes
• Second important attribute of
PET is that the labeled molecule to produce FDG for
compounds can be introduced observation of brain’s sugar
into a body in trace quantities metabolism
(without affecting the normal
process of the body). They are
called tracers
FDG=2-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose
Steps in the PET Process
• Production of positron emitting isotope in a cyclotron.
m(t , ) { f } f ( x, y) ( x cos y sin t )dxdy
Procedimiento
18FDG
radiofármaco tomógrafo
Typical PET Studies
Polarization
• Spins are normally oriented randomly.
• In an applied magnetic field, the spins align with the applied
field in their equilibrium state.
• Excess along B0 results in net magnetization.
B0
Relaxation
Relaxation
T2 Contrast Decay: T2
Short Echo-Time Long Echo-Time
T1 Contrast
CSF
Signal
Recovery: T1
White/Gray Matter
Signal
Signal
Time CSF Time
Cardiovascular MRI
Angiography
MR Imaging
Ultrasound Imaging
BMI methods: Ultrasound imaging
18 Weeks 19 Weeks
Mohamed Arji
Iris López Hernández
Teresa Flores Corral
Mº Angeles Nava Rodríguez
Isabel Lara Alvarez
Esther Alonso Escudero
David Pentón
Collaborators
Acknowledgements
Jesús Ruiz Cabello Delfina Sanguino
Pilar Pallares
Antonio Herrera Miguel Angel Piris
Irene Cuevas López
Alejandra López García Marien Fernández-Valle
Palmira Villa Valverde
Sebastián Cerdán
Santiago Lamas David Castejón
Carlos Zaragoza Marina Benito
Concepción García-Rama Manuel Desco Pilar López
Tania R. Lizarbe Juan J. Vaquero Patricia Sánchez
Marisa Soto
Juan Carlos Murciano
Antares Heart. Denice lewis. 1992