CHAPTER 2

BODY COORDINATION

2.6
HORMONAL COORDINATION IN THE BODY

LEARNING OUTCOMES:
Describe what a hormone is Describe what endocrine glands are Identify the main endocrine glands and their respective location in the body State the functions of hormones secreted by the endocrine glands

1. Hormone
Substance that is manufactured by an endocrine gland.
Secreted in very small quantities into the blood stream. Carried to the target cells / organs to produce specific responses.

2. Endocrine Glands
Ductless glands.

Secrete chemicals called hormones.

Pituitary gland

Thyroid

Adrenals

Pancreas

Ovaries (Female)
Testes (Male)

3. Main Endocrine Glands and its Location.

GLAND/ORGAN
1. Pituitary gland

LOCATION
At the base of the brain.

2. Thyroid gland 3. Adrenal glands

4. Pancreas 5. Testes 6. Ovaries

In the neck Top of kidney

Beneath the stomach In scrotum (male only) In the abdomen (female only)

4. The Glands and its Function:

(A) Pituitary gland
Hormone Secreted
1. Growth hormone (GH) 2. Follicle-stimulating hormones (FSH) 3. Luteinising hormone (LH) 4. Prolactin 5. Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) 6. Oxytocin 7. Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

Main Functions
Controls growth of bone and muscles. Stimulates development of ovarian follicles and spermatogenesis. Stimulates ovulation and production of progesterone and testosterone. Stimulates milk production. Stimulates growth of thyroid glands. Stimulates contraction of uterus during birth. Controls reabsorption of water from kidney.

(B) Thyroid gland Hormone Secreted Thyroxine Main Function Controls metabolic rate and ensures normal physical and mental development.

(C) Pancreas Hormone Secreted 1. Glukagon 2. Insulin Main Function Increase blood glucose level. - Breakdown glycogen into glucose. Lowers blood glucose level. - Increase glucose intake by cells.

(D) Adrenal gland Hormone Secreted Adrenaline Main Function Speeds up heartbeat and breathing, raises blood pressure and changes glycogen into glucose in order to prepare the body action.

(E) Testis Hormone Secreted Main Function

Testosterone

Production of sperm and stimulates development of secondary male sexual characteristics.

(F) Ovary
Hormone Secreted 1. Oestrogen Main Function Stimulates growth of endometrium and stimulates development of secondary female sex characteristics. Promotes growth of endometrium and inhibits ovulation.

2. Progesterone

Activity: Lucky box

Passing the lucky box. Each student needs to take only one piece of paper in that box. Student who got lucky number please came forward to complete the task

2.6
HORMONAL COORDINATION IN THE BODY

The effects of hormonal imbalance

Hormone 1)Growth hormone 2) Thyroxine Effects of Undersecretion Oversecretion
Dwarfism - Low metabolic rate -Sensitivity to cold - Weight gain - Simple goitre Gigantism -High metabolic rate - Sweating - Weight loss - Exophthalmic goitre

3) Insulin

- Diabetes mellitus

- Low blood glucose level - Weakness - Coma and death - Chronic fatigue - Prone to allergies

4) Adrenaline

Hormone
5) Oestrogen

Effects of Undersecretion Oversecretion

- Underdevelopment - Feminisation in of female secondary men sexual characteristic
- Menstrual problem - Headache - Constipation - Miscarriage -High metabolic rate - Sweating - Weight loss - Exophthalmic goitre

6) Progestrone

7) Testosterone

- Underdevelopment - Masculinisation in of male secondary women sexual characteristic - Less sperm produce

ACTIVITY:

Jigsaw puzzle

5 members each group. Combine the pieces become a one picture. State the effects of hormone secreted and hormone involved

DIABETES MELLITUS - Undersecretion of hormone insulin

DWARFISM

- Undersecretion of growth hormone

GIGANTISM - Oversecretion of growth hormone

GOITRE
- Undersecretion of thyroxine hormone

MASCULINISATION IN WOMEN
- Oversecretion of testosterone hormone

FEMINISATION IN MEN
- Oversecretion of oestrogen hormone