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TIPE TEKNOLOGI
Materials Technology Production Technology Transportation Technology Testing Technology Processing Technology Machining Technology
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KLASIFIKASI TEKNOLOGI
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b. c. d.
Teknologi yang terkandung dalam produk Teknologi yang terkandung dalam proses Teknologi yang terkandung dalam operasi
New technology: new introducted or implemented technology (explicit impact on the way a company produces products or provides services) Emerging technology: not yet fully commercialed but will become so within about five year High technology: refers to advanced or sophisticated technologies
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Low technology: refers to technologies that have permeated large segments of human society Medium technology: refers to mature technologies Appropriate technology: used to indicate a good match between the technology utilized and the resources required for its optimal use
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Unsur: proses-proses teknis yang terdapat secara khusus pada sesuatu bidang Lima Unsur Teknologi:
(1) Tecnology of energy conversion and utilization:
Major types of energy useful to man Devices & techniques for the utilization of energy Devices for energy conversion Devices for energy concentration & control Devices for unlimited production of energy
Hand tools Machines & machine components Machine tools: stationary power-driven machines for shaping & forming parts made of metal or other materials
Theory of measurement Units & standards of measurement Principles & processes by which instruments of measurement operate Common types of measuring instruments Special instrument & apparatus used in scientific research Major systems of measurement & observation Instrumentation & control systems
The worlds physical & biological resources Technology of the extraction industries Primary conversion of raw materials
Materials processing: the operations that are used to transform industrial materials from a raw-material state into finished parts or products Metallurgy Materials handling in the production process Technology of packaging
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Bidang: berbagai kebutuhan manusia, tujuan, barang & jasa yang mendatangkan kemajuan teknologi Delapan bidang pokok teknologi: (1) Construction technology
General building construction Construction of civil engineering works Pre fabrication & shop fabrication
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Principles of organization of work & production Manufacturing industries The fabrication industries The process industries The construction industries The service industries The merchandising & marketing of consumer goods Industrial research & marketing of consumer goods Industrial research & development Technology of industrial safety
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Technology of agriculture Crop farming, Flock & stock farming Technology of hunting & fishing Food processing, Food preservation Techniques for controlling the quality of food Food sources & new product development The history of agriculture
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Roads & highways & their construction Vehicles & devices for transportation across country & roads & highways Rail transportation Stationary conveyance systems Water transportation Air transportation Air - cushion machines
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Communication & information theory Calculating devices, Office machines, Computers General information recording devices Sound recording & reproducing devices Information recording by the production of visual image: the technology of photography Information processing Major systems of communication Major system of detection & remote sensing Electronic component & techniques used in communications
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Basic engineering services of the city Technology of the basic social services of the city Technological responses to new urban problems History of city engineering
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Offensive & defensive delivery & payload systems Logistic systems Purely defensive equipment & systems
Techniques & equipment of surface & underground exploration Techniques & equipment of space exploration Techniques & equipment & space exploration
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TINGKAT TEKNOLOGI
Parker (1982): 6 tingkat teknologi yang berhubungan dengan pengembangan produk baru.
Tingkat 1: repetitive, simple & general (craftsmen) Tingkat 6: formulasi unambiguous highly technological goals, new knowledge, complex systems, sophisticated tools of measurement, analysis of abstract thinking.
Powered machine and tools. Whitneys milling machine (giling) Single-cycle automatics Repeats cycle; open-loop machine control; automatic screw machine; transfer lines Closed loop; numerical control; selfmeasuring andadjusting
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A(4)
A(5)
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