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SURFACE TESTING

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CALCULO DE ACEITE y GAS

TEP1 ELC, Melun

Objetivos
Al termino de esta presentacion usted debera ser capaz de : Explicar la teoria entre el calculo de la tasa aceite y gas usando:
Shrinkage Tester y Factor del medidor Combined Meter Factor (CMF) factor del medidor combinado Tablas
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Familiarizarse con la hoja de datos estandard Well Test Report para el calculo de gas y aceite

Hoja de informacion
Listar las principales variables usadas en el calculo de aceite
Explicar las varias ecuaciones para el calculo de aceite:
Medicion con tanque Shrinkage Tester y factor del medidor Factor del Medidor Combinado (Encogimiento medido con tanque)

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Teoria Basica Calculo de aceite


Vo V 1 BSW f 1 SHR K
V = Volumen de liquido grabado por el medidor de aceite BSW = Sedimentos Basico y Agua F = Factor del medidor
(inexactitud fisica en el medidor cuando es revisado antes de un trabajo con agua)
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SHR = Medicion del Shrinkage


( reduccion del volumen en el aceite tomado del separador a condiciones de tanque)

K Vo

= Factor de Correccion a la Temperatura Shrinkage


(correccion de el encogimiento en el tanque a temperatura de 60 degF)

= Volumen de Aceite Corregido

Teoria Basica Calculo de aceite


3 ejemplos:
1. Shrinkage & Factor del Medidor 2. Shrinkage con Tablas
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3. Factor del Medidor Combinado


Tambien, observe como son llenados al ir leyendo las hojas de datos.

Ejemplo #1 Shrinkage & Factor del Medidor


En este ejemplo: SHR es medido directamenete usando un shrinkage tester
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f es medido antes de iniciar un trabajo al fluir una cantidad conocida de agua atraves de el medidor y midiendo el retorno al tanque SHR tiene que ser corregido de las condiciones del shrinkage tester a 60 degF usando el factor K

Example #1 Shrinkage & Factor del Medidor

2
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Separar el factor del medidor

Marcados los valores sobre la LUGARES hoja que vienen de NOTAR LAS UNIDADES Y NUMERAR LOS Well Testing Reading Sheets

Example #1 Shrinkage & Factor del Medidor

Caso #1 Shrinkage Tester usado Shrinkage Factor = 1 SHR = 1 3.5/100 = 0.965


0.965 88
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Temp = Temperatura en el SHRINKAGE TESTER

Vo* = Corregir Vs por el BSW y factor del Vs medidor =Intervalo Diferencia las lecturas del deentre timpo entre medidor = toma 33.96de 13.13 = 20.83 bbls cada lecturas = Vs.(1-BSW).f = 20.83 x (1-1.5/100) x 0.96 = 19.70

Example #1 Shrinkage & Factor del Medidor

Usar para calcular la gravedad especifica a 60 degF CARTA

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Oil SG @ 60 degF
SG = 0.864 @ 90 degF
SG del eje izquierdo TEMP del eje de abajo Punto de interseccion dibujar linea paralela a Lineas Rojas
Measured SG 0.876

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Encontrar SG@60 degF : Compare posicion de SG @ 60 a degF = Roja linea Linea

Shrinkage 60 degF TEMPERATURE

Example #1 Shrinkage & Factor del Medidor

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CARTA
0.876

Siguiente el FACTOR DE CORRECTION DE TEMPERATURA Factor , K debe ser calculado.


Esta correccion de el SHRINKAGE @ Temperatura del Shrinkage Observeda a el SHRINKAGE @ 60 degF Necesitamos usar la CARTA

Example #1 Shrinkage & Meter

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SHR K FACTOR
SG/60degF = 0.876 SHRT = 88 degF
SHRT del Eje de Arriba Coincide con SG @60degF linea

Shrinkage TEMP = 88 degF

0.988

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Linea al eje derecho para leer Factor K

SHR K factor =

Example #1 Shrinkage & Factor del Medidor

CARTA

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0.988 18.78

1803

18.78

La produccionCalcular ACUMULADA es usando calculada de el timpo de el ultimo CAMBIO DE la volumen el taza, corregido el intervalo fluido ESTRANGULADOR FIJO. En este ejemplo se considera las 08:00.

Tasa Vo = = Vo*.(1 Vo/(INTERVAL) -SHR).K x (# min por dia) Acumulado = Tasa x Tiempo desde el cambio de estrangulador = 19.70 18.78 x / 15 0.965 x 1440 x 0.988 = 1803 x 15/1440 = 18.78 1803 BOPD bbls = 18.78 bbls

Example #1 Shrinkage & Factor del Medidor

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Ahora las demas lineas pueden ser completadas

Example #1 Shrinkage & Factor del Medidor

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36.63

Acumulado o

= 18.78 + 1714/1440 x 15

= 36.63
18.78 + 17.85 = 36.63

Example #1 Shrinkage & Factor del Medidor

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Example #1 Shrinkage & Factor del Medidor

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Example #2 Shrinkage Tablas


En este ejemplo: Shrinkage Factor (1-SHR) es estimatedo de tablas (basado en Datos de KATZ )

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f es medido antes de iniciar un trabajo al fluir agua atraves de el medidor y midiendo el retorno en el tanque
factor K = 1 como se da en la tabla de KATZ, listo el Shrinkage Factor

Example #2 Shrinkage Tablas

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En este caso usamos f = 1 como f es desconocida

Listos los Valores marcados sobre la hoja que Corregir por BSW y factor del medidor como en el viene de el Well Testing Reading Sheets caso anterior Vs = Diferencia en la lectura del medidor Vo* = Vs.(1-BSW).f

Example #2 Shrinkage Tables

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0.818

Nuevamente, calculamos la gravedad a 60 degF usando Tablas

Example #2 Shrinkage Tables

CARTA

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El SHRINKAGE FACTOR es estimado de tablas usando La Presion de Separacion (psig) & Oil SG @ 60 degF

1-SHR @ 60 degF
P.Sep = 1050 psi SG@60 degF = 0.818 Dibujar con una linea la SG en la carta La Presion de Separacion de la escala Interseccion con la linea de la SG, y verticalmente hacia abajo Intersecta con la curva mas abajo Una Horizontal al eje izquierdo para obtener el shrinkage factor @ 60 degF
0.856
Sep P. 1050 psi
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(1-SHR) @ 60 degF = 0.856

Example #2 Shrinkage Tables

CARTA

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Factor K = 1 , porque el Shrinkage Factor esta a 60 degF.

Example #2 Shrinkage Tables

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Entonces completa Vo y tasas como antes Vo = Vo*.(1-SHR).K

Example #2 Shrinkage Tables

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1282

La ultima linea puede entonces ser completada de la misma manera.

Example #2 Shrinkage Tables

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1282

Example #3 Combined Meter Factor


En este ejemplo: Durante el well test, un factor del medidor es tomado, pero debemos: Esperar 30 minutos antes de tomar la lectura final en el gauge tank permitiendo que algun encogimiento ocurra Tomar la lectura de la temperatura en el tanque para el Tank Reading calculo del factorCMF K
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Meter Reading

Este meter factor toma en cuenta del factor del medidor, f y el encogimiento del aceite y asi es llamado COMBINED METER FACTOR, (1-SHR)*

CMF (1 SHR)* f .(1 SHR)

Example #3 Combined Meter Factor

Corregir para el BSW como antes, en este caso no hay factor del medidor Vs Vo* = Diferencia en la lectura del medidor = Vs.(1-BSW)
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Marcados los valores sobre la hoja que vienen de Well Testing Reading Sheets

Example #3 Combined Meter Factor


Calcular CMF.

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0.898

Tanque Vol.= (Lectura Final Tanque Lectura Inicial Tanque) x Factor Conversion Tanque = (84 50) x 0.264 = 8.976 bbl
Combined Meter Factor = (Lectura Tanque (verdadera) ) / (Lectura Medidor) = 8.976/10 = 0.8976

Example #3 Combined Meter Factor


Calcular CMF.

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0.898 98

Temperature de encogimiento = Temperatura Tanque cuando es tomada la lectura final

Example #3 Combined Meter Factor

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0.890

Otra vez, calculamos la gravedad a 60 degF usando Tablas

Example #3 Combined Meter Factor

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0.984

Y calculamos el Factor de Temperatura Shrinkage , K usado las tablas como en el Ejemplo 1

Example #3 Combined Meter Factor

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Entonces completamos Vo y tasas como en el ejemplo anterior Vo = Vo*.(1-SHR).K

Example #3 Combined Meter Factor

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La ultima linea puede ser completada de la misma manera.

Example #3 Combined Meter Factor

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Gas Calculations
Gas flowrate is calculated from the differential pressure across the daniel orifice plate and static pressure, as measured by the Barton Chart Recorder.

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Q C hw Pf
hw = Differential Pressure (in. of H20)

Pf = Separator pressure (psia) measured downstream of Plate

Gas Calculations Numerical Constant

C Fu Fb Fg Y2 Ftf Fpv
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Fu Fb

= Unit Conversion Factor = Basic Orifice Factor

Fg
Y2 Ftf Fpv

= Specific Gravity Factor


= Expansion Factor = Flowing Temperature Factor = Supercompressibility Factor

Gas Information Sheet


Explains basic theory behind gas calculation
Lists main data about metering devices. e.g.
Daniel Line Bore Specific Gravity Measurement
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Shows selection of Fu to give desired output units and reference conditions

Gas Calculations - Example

Air:1.00 0

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250

Values already marked on the sheet come from the Well Testing With Separator Static & Reading Sheets Differential Pressures being the most important measurements

Gas Calculations - Example

Air:1.00 0

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250

NOTE THE UNITS Especially psia for P Most of the factors have no units

The output units of the gas rate come from the choice of Fu

Fu Unit Conversion Factor


Value depends on the reference conditions used and the units of gas rate desired Normally reference conditions are:
14.73 psi

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In this case we desire scf/day Fu = 24

60 degF

Gas Calculations - Example

4
250

1
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Note Number

Number of decimal places for Gas Rates depends on how large rate is, and how we report it: SCFD 0 dp 1 dp Required of MSCFD Decimal Places MMSCFD 2dp

Also

Gas Calculations - Example

Air:1.00 0

Start the calculations.

250

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126.10

hw Pf 265 60 126.10

Gas Calculations - Example

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TABLES

Fb Basic Orifice Factor


Depends on: Daniel Line Bore: ID of the metering tube
Plate on side of Daniel Normally 5.761 in.
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Orifice Diameter (in)

D = 5.761 in d = 1.5 in Fb = 455.03

Gas Calculations - Example

TABLES or EQUATION

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Fg Specific Gravity Factor


Fg corrects the gas flow equation for gas factors that have a s.g. not equal to 1
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Calculated by a simple equation

Fg

1 s.g .

Interpolate
Or can be taken from the table. (Interpolate values)

s.g. = 0.715 Fg = (1.1834+1.1818)/2 = 1.1826

Gas Calculations - Example

TABLES or GRAPH
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Y2 Expansion Factor
Y2 takes into account the change in specific gravity of the gas as its velocity and pressure change through the orifice Can be calculated from either: Tables

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Chart (very user unfriendly!)

Y2 Expansion Factor Tables


Into the table we input:

d D
hw Pf

1.5 0.260 ~ 0.3 5.761


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60 0.226 ~ 0.2 265


Dont try to interpolate the table, just round to the nearest 1 dp and use this value

Y2 = 1.0013

Y2 Expansion Factor - Chart


The chart is normally only used if we are outside the range of the tables. To use:

Draw a line between Pf and hw using the parabolic axis.


There is a choice of scales so you must be consistent. i.e. if reading Pf from the outer scale of the big parabola, you must read hw from the outer scale of the big parabola.
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Where this line intersects the horizontal axis, draw a line vertically up. From the horizontal axis, take the orifice diameter and go vertically up until we hit the Line bore line, then horizontally across. From the intersection of the horizontal and vertical lines draw a line to the reference point A and where this line intersects the vertical axis we can read off Y2.

Y2 Expansion Factor - Chart

Y2 = 1.0083

Pf = 180 psig

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d = 2.125 in

Example
Pf Hw Line Bore Orifice Size = 180 psig = 260 in H20 = 4.026 in = 2.125 in hw = 260in

Gas Calculations - Example

TABLES or EQUATION
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Ftf Flowing Temperature Factor


Ftf corrects the gas rate for flowing temperatures that are not 60 degF

Calculated by an equation
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Ftf

520 460 T f degF 288.556 273.2 T f degC

Or can be taken from the table

Tf = 85 degF Ftf =0.9768

Gas Calculations - Example

TABLES or CHART

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Fpv Supercompressibility Factor


Fpv Corrects the gas flow rate for the fact that real gases deviate from the ideal behavior as predicted by Boyles law. To calculate it we need: Separator Static Pressure (psig) Gas Specific Gravity Flowing Temperature Can be calculated from either: Tables Chart

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Fpv Supercompressibility Factor Table (1)


Second table corrects this Fpv for the flowing temperature Input: Fpv Tf Each heading is inclusive to next higher heading. Do not interpolate
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Pf = 265 psia = 250 psig sg = 0.715 Fpv (uncorrected) =

Fpv Supercompressibility Factor Table (2)


First table calculates Fpv, then we must correct for temperature Input: Pf (psig) s.g. Each heading is inclusive to next higher heading. Do not interpolate
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Fpv = 1.032 psig Tf = 85 degF


Fpv = 1.027

Fpv Supercompressibility Factor Chart


The chart is normally only used if we are outside the range of the tables. To use:

1. Left Hand Chart bottom axis - Flowing Temperature go vertically upwards


2. Intersect with specific gravity line and go horizontally into Right Hand Chart 3. Intersection of this line with Separator Pressure (psig) from bottom axis gives Fpv @ 60 degF

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Fpv Supercompressibility Factor Chart

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Example: Pf = 250 psig = 85 degF = 0.715

85 degF

250 psig

Tf Sg

Gas Calculations - Example

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250

12972.9

= Fu.Fb.Fg.Y2.Ftf.Fpv = 24 x 455.03 x 1.1826 x 1.0013 x 0.9768 x 1.0270 = 12972.9

Gas Calculations - Example

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250

12972.9

1.64

Qgas

= C.(hw.Pf)1/2 = 12972.9 x 126.10 = 1635882.7 SCFD = 1.64 MMSCFD

Gas Calculations - Example

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250

12972.9

1.64

17.0

Cumul. = 1.6359 /1440 x 15 = 0.0170 MMSCF = 17.0 MSCF

Gas Calculations - Example

The remaining lines can then be completed in the same way.

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Gas Calculations - Example

The remaining lines can then be completed in the same way.

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Gas Calculations - Example

The remaining lines can then be completed in the same way.

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Gas Calculations - Example

The remaining lines can then be completed in the same way.

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Gas Calculations - Example

The remaining lines can then be completed in the same way.

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Gas Calculations - Example

The remaining lines can then be completed in the same way.

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1 . 0020 1 . 0020

72 Feet - A-Limestone 150 5190 5262 Feet

Remaining Calculations Well Testing Data Sheet


Oil and Gas calculations have been completed. Now we must calculate: Gas Oil Ratio Units: scf/bbl No decimal places

GOR

Qgas Qoil

SCFD BOPD

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Water Rate:
Units: BWPD

Vwater Vs WaterCut 1 SHR f Qwater VWater 1440 / Interval

Calculation takes account of meter factor and shrinkage WaterCut = BSW - Sediment

Well Testing Data Sheet


Water Rate and GOR are added to the Well Testing Data sheets.
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These also summarize the well test readings and calculations. Includes: BSW, H2S, CO2 Wellhead and Separator, Temperature and Pressure Oil and Gas Rates and Gravities

Main events always with data from the well test

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THE END

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