Engineering drawing

Recap
Lec 1: Introduction of engineering drawing Lec 2: Sketching, texting, lettering and dimensioning Lec 3: Engineering geometry Lec 4: Multi-view and visualization

Lecture 5

3-D solid modeling

Model Definition
A solid model consists of volumetric information, that is, what is on the inside of the 3-D model, as well as information about the surface of an object.

Solid model of a snow ski binding

Primitive modeling
Modelers are designed to support a set of geometric primitives, such as cubes, right rectilinear prisms (i.e., blocks), right triangular prisms (i.e., wedges), spheres, cones and cylinders. A primitive modeler uses only a limited set of geometric primitives; therefore, only certain topologies can be created. This is called primitive instancing.

Primitive modeling

Constructive Solid Geometry (CSG) Modeling

Constructive solid geometry (CSG) modeling is more flexible than primitive instancing. The relationships between primitives are defined with Boolean operations.
union (U) difference(-) intersection ()

Constructive Solid Geometry (CSG) Modeling

Boolean operations: Union

Boolean operations: Difference

Boolean operations: Intersection

Boolean operations: Difference (A-B)

What would be the Boolean operation of difference for (B-A)????

Boolean operations: Difference (B-A)

Boolean operations on adjoining primitives

Boolean operations: Union

Boolean operations: Difference

What will be the result of B-A???

What will be the result of BA???

Boolean operations: Intersection

Boundary Representation (B-Rep) Modeling

Boundary representation (B-rep) modeling, the surfaces, or faces, are themselves the basis for defining the solid. The shape of a B-rep model is created using Euler operations.

Constraint-Based Modeling
3-D solid modeling is the idea of having the model defined as a series of modifiable features. For example, a feature might be a hole bored through the model The geometry of each of these features is controlled through modifiable constraints

Constraint-Based Modeling: Planning

Careful planning is required so that the model can be modified later by the person who created it or by others into a new design with a minimum of effort.

Constraint-Based Modeling: Sources of data

If the model is of a brand-new design, then all the model data that exists may be rough sketches created by the modeler or another designer. 2-D CAD drawings may be the source of model building data. The reuse of existing models is an important benefit to using a constraint-based modeler.

Constraint-Based Modeling: Modeling Standards

Standards for modeling may include
what geometry should be grouped together to define a feature in what order features should be created How the features should be linked together how automation features should be documented

Feature analysis

Feature analysis

Feature analysis

Feature Definition
Features from Generalized Sweeps
sweeping operations In a sweeping operation, a closed polygon, called a profile, is drawn on a plane and is moved or swept along a defined path for a defined length

Feature Definition: Linear sweeping

Feature Definition: Linear sweeping

Feature Definition: Linear sweeping

Feature Definition: Revolved sweeping

What shapes can be produced used revolved sweeping?????? Doughnut???

Feature Definition: Revolved sweeping

Feature Definition: Revolved sweeping

Construction Geometry : Workplane

Profile sketching
It consists of a series of line elements such as straight lines, arcs or circles. Closed loop
A closed loop sketch has its last element connected with its first element to create a sealed path It implies an inside and outisde

Open loop

Profile sketching

Closed loop

Open loop

Profile sketching