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By : Alvina Pratiwi Choiriyah Umama Janerizka Bari putri Virra Indah Pujilestari 1 sipil 2 (sore) POLITEKNIK NEGRI JAKARTA
VERBS
Verbs have traditionally been defined as words that show action or state of being.
Verbs can also sometimes be recognized by their position in a sentence. In the following two sentence frames, only a verb can be put into the empty slot.
The base form of a verb is derived from the verbs infinitive: to + verb
Four suffixes consistently added to a verbs base create all forms of a verb used in all tenses:
1. -s
2. -ing 3. -ed 4. -en
creates 3rd person singular / present tense (He talks.) creates the present participle / used with be (He is talking.) creates the simple past (He talked.) creates the past participle / used with have (He has talked.)
Note: The -en verb ending used with a form of to have as an auxiliary is generally written -ed, as in has talked. Many verbs in English are irregular; as result, their ed and/or en endings may not follow any obvious pattern. The majority of verbs are regular and consistently use -ed and -en to form their simple past tense and past participles. (e.g.
Many verbs are irregular, however, and follow no consistent pattern in creating their -ed and/or -en forms. A list of the major irregular verbs is shown below.
A verb phrase is defined as the main verb together with all its auxiliaries (helping verbs). Auxiliary verbs always precede the main verb.
There are two types of auxiliary verbs: 1. Inflected auxiliary verbs: Be have do
must
Verb Classification
We divide verbs into two broad classifications: 1. Helping Verbs Imagine that a stranger walks into your room and says: I can People must The Earth will. Do you understand anything? Has this person communicated anything to you? Probably not! That's because these verbs are helping verbs and have no meaning on their own. They are necessary for the grammatical structure of the sentence, but they do not tell us very much alone. We usually use helping verbs with main verbs. They "help" the main verb. (The sentences in the above examples are therefore incomplete. They need at least a main verb to complete them.) There are only about 15 helping verbs.
2. Main Verbs Now imagine that the same stranger walks into your room and says: I teach. People eat. The Earth rotates. In the following table we see example sentences with helping verbs and main verbs. Notice that all of these sentences have a main verb. Only some of them have a helping verb.
Shall versus Will | Should versus Would People may sometimes tell you that there is no difference between shall and will, or even that today nobody uses shall (except in offers such as "Shall I call a taxi?"). Example : They say the same thing about should, but it's not really true.
Would Would is an auxiliary verb, a modal auxiliary verb. We use would mainly to talk about the past, talk about the future in the past and express the conditional mood. Should Should is an auxiliary verb, a modal auxiliary verb. We use should mainly to give advice or make recommendations, talk about obligation or talk about probability and expectation.
All the auxiliary verbs except be, do and have are called modals. Unlike other auxiliary verbs modals only exist in their helping form; they cannot act alone as the main verb in a sentence. Be, do, and have also differ from the other auxiliaries in that they can also serve as ordinary verbs in a given sentence.
The modal verbs are:CAN / COULD / MAY / MIGHT / MUST / SHALL / SHOULD / OUGHT TO / WILL / WOULD
Modal
Can Could
Example
Can you help me? Could I borrow your dictionary?
Uses
Request Asking for permission. Asking for permission Future possibility Necessity / Obligation
May I have another cup of coffee? Might Must They might give us a 10% discount We must say good-bye now.
Shall
Shall I do that or will you? (Asking what to do ) Should I think we should check everything again. (Recommending action ) Will Ill get back to you first thing on Monday. (Promise ) Would Would you mind waiting a moment? (Request )
EXERCISE !!
1. They football yesterday 2. I to school everyday 3. My mother rice every morning 4. Virra is badminton now 5. Jane a song every Sunday 6. Kipli a book at the bookstore yesterday 7. Riri already in love with him 8. My mother is a cheese cake in the kitchen now 9. He will a car to campus tommorow 10. Vina and her sister at swimming pool last week