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What is plan 9? More realistically, a distributed operating system . Designed by the creators of C, UNIX,AWK, UTF-8,TROFF etc. Widely acknowledged as UNIXs true successor . Distributed under terms of the Lucent Public License, which appears on the OSIs list of approved licenses, also considered free software by the FSF . Uniform interface to all resources . No files are more special than others .

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 What are Design Considerations ?

Openness
Security

Scalability
Failure handling

Transparency

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 Plan 9 was named after the worst movie ever made in the history of American Film . Bell Labs began development in late 1980s 4 Releases Last Release was April of 2002 Updated June 2003

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 Paradigm shift in mid 1980s From: Large centralized timeshared computers To: Networks of smaller personal machines Typically UNIX workstations Plan 9 wanted it both ways Central Administration Cost effective

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 Build a time sharing system out of workstations Build a UNIX out of a lot of little systems, not out of a lot of little UNIXs Specialization of hardware Different computers for different tasks Small cheap machines in peoples offices Terminals providing access to shared resources File servers, computing servers File Servers and CPU Servers in Server Room

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Centralized Time shared Systems

Plan 9 Distributed Operating System

High Speed Network

File Servers

Centrally located multiprocessor machines with large memories and high bandwidth point to point interconnects.

CPU Servers

Personal Workstation Systems

Terminal

Medium Speed Network

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 Setup and use a working plan9 research environment Implement and measure fitness of several Bioinformatics algorithms when implemented in a distributed manner Measure performance and compare to other (more robust) operating systems (BSD or Linux) Compare ease of use and application development with other OSs

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 Plan 9: Plan 9 is the name of the Distributed Operating System designed and implemented by researchers at Bell Lab in Murray Hill New Jersey. 9Grid: 9Grid is the name of a Plan 9 installation that provides Grid Style Computing. 8: The Plan 9 window system. It provides textual I/O and bitmap graphic services to both local and remote client programs by offering a multiplexed file service to those clients
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 Rc: Rc is a command interpreter for Plan 9 that provides similar facilities to UNIXs Bourne shell, with some small additions and less idiosyncratic syntax .

IL Protocol: IL is a custom implemented network protocol to transport the remote procedure call messages 9P. It is a connectionbased, lightweight transport protocol that carries datagrams encapsulated by IP. IL provides retransmission of lost messages and in-sequence delivery, but has no flow control and no blind retransmission .
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Built upon 3 principles. 1. Resources as files Named and accessed like files in a hierarchical file system. 2. Standard protocol 9P, for accessing these resources. 3. Hierarchical file name space The disjoint hierarchies provided by different services are joined together into a single private hierarchical file name space.
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Resources as files All resources in Plan 9 look like file systems. File Oriented access Hierarchical name tree Accessible by name Access contents by read and write calls

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One protocol to bind them all 9P is Plan 9s VFS 13 basic operations including read, write, stat et. al. All resources are required to implement them Minimalist and Lightweight, can work over any reliable transport:TCP, Shared Memory, Serial Ports, PCI Bus etc.

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Hierarchical File namespace Every resource in the system, local or remote User or process assembles a private view of the system by constructing a file name space that connects the resources. Allows the user to access files that are local or remote in the same manner. When writing a program the user does not need to create code that handles for cases in which the file is not local. Those details are abstracted to the system.
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 Main Parts File servers CPU servers Terminals (user access points).

Unlike what you may expect, a file server in Plan 9 is just something that serves resources in the form of files Hence, the kernel is often called a server multiplexer, not an I/O multiplexer like UNIX was Thanks to 9P, it doesnt matter whether resources are local or remote, applications use them transparently without even knowing
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Example: Echo This

Server

Code implements a typical TCP listener. It announces itself listens for connections, and forks a new process for each. The new process echoes data on the connection until the remote end closes it. The "*" in the symbolic name means the announcement is valid for any addresses bound to the machine the program is run on

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Example: Echo 1.Announce() 2.Listen() 3.Accept() || 4.Process(). 5.Close()

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Server

Reject()

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There is no root user Everyone has the same privileges (i.e. nothing) Namespaces provide isolation by default The file-server has a sys group, add yourself to it if you want to, for example, install a new kernel for everyone to use Each box is a (typically) separate machine; Ellipse is a process. The authentication server is one of several repositories for users security information that factotum processes consult as required. Sec store is a shared resource for storing private information such as keys; factotum consults it for the user during bootstrap
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 Native UTF-8 UTF-8 was invented by Ken Thomson and Rob Pike for Plan 9 All text in Plan 9 is UTF-8 (which is why it is backward-compatible with ASCII) Internationalization was added to Linux as an afterthought This is especially relevant in countries like India

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Rio
Plan 9s Window Manager A window in Rio is a real window, not a terminal emulator because we dont use terminal anymore Everything is just text - cut / copy / paste at will! And yes, you need a (3-button) mouse :)

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Acme
The programmers editor Again, all text is editable Can also be used as a file manager No, theres no syntax coloring (yet!)

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Compiler Suite One compiler and linker per architecture (MC68000/020,ARM,Alpha, x86,AMD64, SPARC, SPARC64, PowerPC, MIPS and more on the way) A new Makefile style system for maintaining code - mk Very fast - No dynamic libraries Robust debugging system acid

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Fossil and Venti Venti - block storage indexed by hash; duplicated blocks stored only once Fossil: Uses Venti for storing snapshots of files Try the history and yesterday commands Mac OS X comes up with this idea for Leopard in 2007, was in Plan 9 since before I was born!

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Factotum Much like a keyring, does authentication on your behalf Speaks a variety of protocols All your keys are stored in secstore encrypted in a master key

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What Plan 9 does not have?

root, suid, tty, curses ioctl, sockets, select, poll, symlinks pthreads, mmap locales gcc, C++, emacs, vi X11, XML,Web 2.0 ... and thats a good thing (TM)

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 Good video players A 3D graphics system Eye-candy JavaScript-enabled web browser .

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 SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS These instructions are for a x86 based PC. See the Supported PC hardware page. Find an x86-based PC with: >32MB of RAM These are requirements for the installation procedure. A machine with 16MB of memory and no free disk space at all will work fine as a terminal net-booted but won't be able to run the installer. If you wish to install from local media, you need a FAT file system or a CD-ROM drive. If you wish to install over the internet, you need a supported Ethernet card or a PPP dial-up account using a modem.
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Queries???? Thanks Rajan Khandelwal Credits : Mr.Nadeem Lohani

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