Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
Some of the action has been automated, so click the mouse when you see this lightning bolt in the lower right-hand corner of the screen. You can point and click anywhere on the screen.
Objectives
1. Describe the nature of the corporate After studying this form of organization. chapter, you should 2. List the two main sources of be able to: stockholders equity. 3. List the major sources of paid-in capital, including the various classes of stock. 4. Journalize the entries for issuing stock. 5. Journalize the entries for treasury stock transactions.
Objectives
6. State the effect of stock splits on corporate financial statements. 7. Journalize the entries for cash dividends and stock dividends. 8. Describe and illustrate the reporting of stockholders equity. 9. Compute and interpret the dividend yield on common stock.
Forming a Corporation
First step is to file an application of incorporation with the state.
Because state laws differ, corporations often organize in states with more favorable laws.
More than half of the largest companies are incorporated in Delaware. State grants a charter or articles of incorporation which formally create the corporation.
Management and board of directors prepare bylaws which are operation rules and procedures.
Forming a Corporation
On January 5, the firm paid the organization costs of $8,500. This amount includes legal fees, taxes and licenses, promotion costs, etc.
Jan. 5 Organization Expense Cash Paid cost of organizing the corporation. 8 500 00 8 500 00
Stockholders Equity
Liabilities Assets Stockholders Stockholders Equity Equity
Stockholders Equity = Assets Liabilities Represents the stockholders share of the total assets.
Stockholders Equity
There Assets are two sources Stockholders Stockholders of stockholders Equity Equity equity.
Liabilities
Stockholders Equity
Liabilities Assets Stockholders Stockholders Equity Equity
1
$xxxxx
xxxx $xxxxx Stockholder investments
Common stock
Retained earnings Total
Stockholders Equity
Liabilities Assets Stockholders Stockholders Equity Equity
Common stock
Retained earnings Total
$xxxxx
xxxx $xxxxx
2
Reinvested earnings
Number of Shares
Classes of Stockholders
The two primary classes of paid-in capital are common stock and preferred stock. The primary attractiveness of preferred stocks is that they are preferred over common as to dividends. Preferred Stockholders
Common Stockholders
Classes of Stockholders
Common Stockthe basic ownership of stock with rights to vote in election of directors, share in distribution of earnings, and purchase additional shares. Preferred StockA class of stock with preferential rights over common stock in payment of dividends and company liquidation.
$4,000
2005
(In arrears)
$4,000
$4,000 $4,000 $4,000 2007
(Current dividend)
$10,000
2006
(In arrears)
city of Moraine.
Penerbitan Saham
PT ABC Saham
Pada tanggal 1 April 2002 PT. A menjual 4.000 lembar saham nominal $1/lb dengan harga $45,000
PT A Saham $1 Kas bertambah Saham yang beredar bertambah Agio Saham bertambah
$45,000
Account
Common Stock
Paid In Capital - C/S
Debit
$ 45,000
Kredit
$ 4,000
$ 41,000
Pada tanggal 1 April 2002 PT. A menjual 4.000 lembar saham nominal $1/lb dengan harga $4,000
$4,000
$ 4,000 $ 4,000
Account
Common Stock
Debit
$ 4,000
Kredit
$ 4,000
Pada tanggal 1 April 2002 PT. A menjual 4.000 lembar saham nominal $1/lb dengan harga $3,600
$3,600
Account
PIC-C/S or R/E
Common Stock
Debit
$ 3,600 $ 400
Kredit
$ 4,000
Pada tanggal 1 April 2002 PT. A menjual 4.000 lembar saham tanpa nominal dengan harga $45,000
PT A Saham
$45,000
$ 45,000 $ ?
Account
Common Stock
Debit
$ 45,000
Kredit
$ 45,000
Pada tanggal 1 November 2002 PT. A menerima order / pesanan 5.000 lembar saham nominal $1 per lembar dengan harga $12.5/lembar. Saat itu diterima down Payment 50 %.
Tgl
2002
Account
Debit
$62,500
Kredit
5,000 57,500
31,250
Pada tanggal 1 Desember 2002 PT. A menerima sisa harga untuk 2.500 lembar. Selanjutnya diserahkan 2,500 lembar saham ke pemesan.
Tgl
2002 Des. 1
Account Cash Stock Subscription Rec. Common Stock Subscribed Common stock
Debit 15,625
Kredit
1. Seluruh uang yang diterima dikembalikan 2. Seluruh uang yang diterima tidak dikembalikan, melainkan dianggap kedaluarsa 3. Uang yang diterima dikembalikan setelah dikurangi dengan jumlah tertentu 4. Pemesan saham diberikan saham sesuai dengan yang telah dibayar.
200 lembar saham biasa nominal $0.5/lembar ditukar dengan tanah. Saham perusahaan diperdagangkan di bursa dengan harga $50
Saham (200 lb, $0.5/lb, Hg pasar $50/lb) Perusahaan
Tanah
Tgl 2002
Account
Debit
Kredit
10,000
100
9,900
200 lembar saham biasa nominal $0.5/lembar ditukar dengan tanah. Saham perusahaan tidak diperdagangkan di bursa sementara itu harga pasar tanah lebih dapat dipercaya yaitu $12,000 Saham (200 lb, $.5/lb) Perusahaan
Tanah =$12,000
Tgl 2002
Debit 12,000
Kredit
100 11,900
100 lembar saham biasa nominal $.5/lembar diserahkan ke salah satu karyawan sebagai pembayaran gaji. Saham perusahaan diperdagangkan di bursa dengan harga $50/lembar.
Tgl 2002
Account
Debit
Kredit
5,000
50
4,950
Common Stock
Paid-in Capital in Excess of Stated Value
25 000 00
15 000 00
Issued 1,000 shares of no-par common stock at $36; stated value, $25.
Treasury Stock
Saham Perusahaan yang pernah diterbitkan dan sekarang dibeli kembali oleh perusaaan
PT. ABC PT ABC Saham Pemegang saham
PT ABC Saham
Pemegang saham
PT ABC Saham
PT ABC Saham
AKM-2 Ekuitas
Metode Pencatatan
METODE COST
Margono
III-39
METODE COST
1. Pada saat dibeli, treasury stock dicatat sebesar cost 2. Pada saat treasury stock dijual bandingkan antara harga jual dengan costnya
PT. ABC menerbitkan 10,000 lembar saham nominal $1 dengan harga jual $15 per lembar
Kas bertambah 10.000x $15 = $150,000 Modal saham bertambah 10.000x$1 = $10.000 Timbul agio 10.000x ($15-$1) = $140,000
Account
Cash Common Stock Paid In Capital in Exess of Par
Debit
$150,000
Kredit
$ 10,000 $140,000
PT. ABC membeli kembali 1,000 lembar saham dengan harga beli $40 per lembar Treasury stock bertambah 1.000x $40 = $40,000 Kas berkurang = $40.000
Account
Treasury Stock Kas Treasury Stok 40,000
Debit
$ 40,000
Kredit
$ 40,000
Cash 40,000
PT. ABC menjual 200 lembar Treasury Stock dengan harga jual $50 per lembar
Debit 10,000
PT. ABC menjual 500 lembar Treasury Stock dengan harga $34 /lb Kas bertambah = $17.000 Treasury stock berkurang 500 lembar $ 40 =$20,000 Menerima uang dari pemegang saham $3,000 lebih kecil
Account
Kas Paid In Capital- T/S Retained earning Treasury stock Treasury Stok 40,000 $ 8,000 PIC-T/S $ 2,000
Debit
$ 17,000 $ 2,000 $ 1,000
Kredit
PT. ABC menjual 500 lembar Treasury Stock dengan harga jual $34 per lembar
Account Cash Paid In capital From T. Stock Retained Earning Treasury Stock
Kredit
20,000
Account Common Stock Paid In capital in Excess of Par Retained Earning Treasury Stock
Kredit
12,000
Debit 300
Kredit
11,700
12,000
Cost
Stock Splits
A corporation sometimes reduces the par or stated value of their common stock and issues a proportionate number of additional shares. This is called a stock split.
Stock Splits
BEFORE STOCK SPLIT
4 shares, $100 par
Stock Splits
A stock split does not change the balance of any corporation accounts. However, it can make the stock more attractive to investors by reducing the price of a share,
42 500 00
42 500 00
42 500 00
42 500 00
3,100 000 00
2,000000 00
ParCommon Stock
Declared stock dividend.
1,100000 00
Dividends per Share of Common Stock Dividend Yield Market Price per Share of Common Stock $.60 Dividend Yield, 2006 $13.50 = 4.4% $.80 Dividend Yield, 2007 = 3.9% $20.50
There are two ways to report stockholders equity in the balance sheet. In Slide 58, each class of stock is listed first, followed by its related paid-in capital accounts.
Stockholders Equity
Paid-in capital: Preferred 10% stock, $50 par, cumulative (2,000 shares authorized and issued) $100,000 Excess of issue price over par(PIC-P/S) 10,000 $ 110,000 Common stock, $20 par (50,000 shares authorized, 45,000 issued) $900,000 Excess of issue price over par(PIC C/S) 190,000 1,090,000 From sale of treasury stock 2,000 Total paid-in capital $1,202,000 Retained earnings 350,000 Total $1,552,000 Deduct treasury stock (600 shares at cost) 27,000 Total stockholders equity $1,525,000
61
Slide 60 shows the second method. Note that the stock accounts are listed first. The other paid-in capital accounts are listed as a single item described as Additional paidin capital.
Stockholders Equity
Contributed capital: #Preferred 10% stock, cumulative $50 par (2,000 shares authorized and issued) #Common stock, $20 par (50,000 shares authorized, 45,000 issued) #Additional paid-in capital - PIC P/S - PIC C/S - PIC T/S Total contributed capital Retained earnings Total Deduct treasury stock (600 shares at cost) Total stockholders equity
$100,000
Chapter 12
The End
Hak yang diberikan ke para pemegang saham untuk membeli saham baru
Surat berharga yang dijual oleh perusahaan /yang melekat pada surat berharga lain yang memberi hak untuk membeli saham Opsi untuk membeli saham perusahaan dengan harga tertentu yang diberikan ke officer atau karyawan
Warrant
Opsi
Stock Right
Stock Warrant
Detachable Warrant
DetachableStock Warrant
PT. B menjual 1.000 saham prefent nominal $50/lembar dengan harga $58/lembar. Pemegang saham Preferrent diberikan warrant untuk membeli 1,000 lembar saham biasa nominal $2/ lembar dengan harga $25/lembar. Segera setelah itu harga pasar Saham Preferrent tanpa warrant $57/lembar, sementara itu warrant diperjualbelikan dengan harga $3/lembar.
$58
Harga saham
Dialokasikan Harga warrant
Account Cash Preferreed Stock PIC in Excess of Par -PS Stock Warrant
Debit 58,000
Account
Cash Common Stock Warrant Common Stock PIC In Exess of Par
Debit
25,000 2,900
Kredit
2,000 25,900
Account
Stock Warrant PIC From Expired Warrant
Debit
2,900
Kredit
2,900
Stock Option
Opsi untuk membeli saham perusahaan dengan harga tertentu yang diberikan ke officer atau karyawan Jumlah opsiTetap Stock Option
Cara pencatatan
Metode nilai intrinsik Metode Fair Value
Harga Opsi = selisih antara harga pasar saham dengan harga excercise
Fixed Option
Selisih antara Harga pasar saham saat pemberian opsi dengan harga beli saham (exercise)
PT. A pada tanggal 1 Januari 2000 memberikan hak opsi untuk membeli 10.000 lembar saham PT. A dengan harga $50 per lembar ke pegawai yang tetap bekerja tiga tahun mulai 1 Januari 2000 s.d. 31 Desember 2002. Harga Pasar saham pada waktu itu $50.00 per lembar.
PT. A pada tanggal 1 Januari 2000 memberikan hak opsi untuk memberli 10.000 lembar saham PT. A dengan harga $50 per lembar ke pegawai yang tetap bekerja tiga tahun mulai 1 Januari 2000 s.d. 31 Desember 2002. Opsi ini memiliki fair value $10 per lembar
Opsi
Perusahaan
Karyawan Jasa
Nilai opsi = Menunjukkan besarnya nilai jasa karyawan selama 3 tahun karena mereka harus kerja 3 tahun untuk mendapatkan opsi ini
1. Timbul Expense selama 3 tahun 2. Timbulan setoran calon pemodal dalam bentuk jasa
Account
Debit
Kredit
Compensation Expense
Paid In Capital From Stock Option
33,333
3,333
Harga jual Prefered Stock Dulu dianggap harga pasar dari Saham biasa yang sekarang diserahkan
Saham Biasa
PT. A
Saham Prefrerent
Harga jual Prefered Stock Dulu dianggap harga pasar dari Saham biasa yang sekarang diserahkan
Account
Debit
Kredit