Tutorial M Business2003

Franz Gruber franz.gruber@scch.at, Werner Kurschl werner.kurschl@fh-hagenberg.
at
Building Mobile Applications

Comparing The Java And .NET Approach
Franz Gruber, Werner Kurschl
Table of Contents
Motivation
Realization scenarios of mobile solutions Development cycle for mobile applications Why Java and .NET on devices? J2ME & .NET CF
Architecture Development Comparison

Conclusion
Franz Gruber, Werner Kurschl 2
Building Mobile Solutions Organizational Issues

Integration into business process
Business model, information flow

Integration into organizational structure
Who is responsible for what?

Integration into technical infrastructure
Devices and communication infrastructure

Integration into security concept
Danger of new security leaks

Table of Contents
Motivation

Conclusion
Building Mobile Solutions Technical Implications

Application scenario
Choosing an appropriate scenario

Mobile device
Software infrastructure, hardware requirements

Communication technology
On-/Offline scenario Wireless Wide Area Networks/ Wireless Local Area

Networks
Communication protocol
Application architecture scenario
Thin/fat client
Building Mobile Applications Technical Implications ctd.

Data management
Synchronisation On-/offline capabilities

Security issues
Dangers for mobile devices Threats of communication technology Danger of exposing enterprise data
Table of Contents
Motivation

Conclusion
Development Infrastructure
Mobile device
Development computer - Design - Implementation
- Debugging - Test - Deployment

- Debugging - Test
Emulators
PalmOS
PocketPC
Symbian OS
9
Emulators ctd.
JAVA
Table of Contents
Motivation

Conclusion
Thin Client/Fat Client Scenario
Web Server
Services on Server
Our Focus
Remote Web Pages
Local Code
Mobile Web Browser
.NET CF & J2ME
Device Operating System
12
J2ME and .NET on Devices?
Base on proven technologies

Use existing know-how Use known tools and APIs Hide complexity Integration into legacy systems with
Java Application Server (J2EE) .NET Server

Build solutions on contemporary technologies Future extensibility
Table of Contents
Motivation

Conclusion
Java and .NET Philosophies

.NET is ...
Language independent (VB, C#) Platform dependent (Windows CE, PocketPC) Company driven
Java is ...
Language dependent Platform independent Community driven

Overview of Comparison
Architecture
Design Infrastructure
Development tools Availability, licensing Standardization User Interfaces Data capabilities
Communication
Conclusion
16
Franz Gruber franz.gruber@scch.at, Werner Kurschl werner.kurschl@fh-hagenberg.at

.NET Compact Framework - Architecture
17
NET Compact Framework
.NET Compact Framework (CF)
Available for Windows CE 3.0 /CE.NET devices

Pocket PC is specifically designed for PDAs CE.NET is a generic platform for devices like
Consumer electronics, kiosks, mobile and handheld devices
Point-of-sale terminals, etc.
Compatible subset (about 25%) of the full .NET Framework C# and VB.NET language support Memory footprint is around 1.5 MB vs 20 MB (full .NET
Framework)
18
NET Compact Framework Execution Environment
Application SqlServerCE library
Application Device-specific and custom libraries Base class libraries Execution Engine CLR .NET Compact Framework Managed Code Native Code
App Domain Loader Instruction Engine/JIT Class Loader Garbage Collection Verifier Debugger
Platform Adaption Layer (PAL) Host OS Services

Boot Loader Networking Filesystem Threads Timers
MSCOREE.DLL
Host OS
Hardware
19
.NET Compact Framework Architecture

System.Web Services Description Discovery Protocols Caching Configuration UI Design HtmlControls WebControls Security SessionState System.Windows.Forms Design ComponentModel
System.Drawing Drawing2D Printing Imaging Text
System.Data ADO.NET Odbc SqlClient SqlTypes Design OleDB SqlServerCE
System.Xml XmlDocument XSLT/XPath Serialization Reader/writer
System Collections Text Globalization Resources ServiceProcess EnterpriseServices IO Net Reflection Threading Diagnostics Runtime CompilerServices InteropServices Remoting Serialization Security Cryptography Permissions Policy Principal
... Gray means not present in CF ... Blue means present in CF Franz Gruber, Werner Kurschl
...
Yellow means specific to CF

20

Java 2 Micro Edition - Architecture
21
Java 2 Micro Edtion Architecture

Configurations
Device classes
Profiles Market segment
22
Java 2 Micro Edition Building Blocks
23
Therefore ...
Java 2 Micro Edition is not ONE Java edition

An J2ME compliant application consists of
Configuration Profile (e.g. Personal, Mobile Information Device Profile (MIDP)) Application code
3 Contenders to compare
Java 2 Micro Edition Connected Device Configuration (CDC) Java 2 Micro Edition Connected Limited Device Configuration
(CLDC)
Microsoft .NET Compact Framework

General Characteristics Comparison

.Net Compact Framework Device requirements Cost Market focus Language support Platforms Byte code compatibility API compatibility Powerful, expensive High Enterprise C#, VB.Net Pocket PC, Windows CE Standard .Net CLR Subset of .Net J2ME Connected Device Configuration Powerful, expensive High Enterprise Java Major mobile platforms except Palm OS Standard Java 2 Subset of J2SE plus standard optional packages J2ME Connected Limited Device Configuration Cheap, pervasive Medium Consumer and enterprise Java All mobile platforms Not compatible with J2SE or CDC Partial compatibility with CDC with additional standard optional packages
25
General Characteristics Comparison ctd.

.Net Compact Framework Native APIs P/Invoke; consistent across supported devices J2ME Connected Device Configuration JNI; device- and OSspecific Command line, vendor SDKs, CodeWarrior, and WebSphere Community Full Java security manager J2ME Connected Limited Device Configuration N/A Command line, vendor SDKs, all major Java IDEs Community Limited Java 2 model supplemented by OTA specification Formal OTA specification
Development VS.Net 2003 tools Specification Single company process Security model Client installation Simplified .Net model ActiveSync, Internet Explorer download
Sync, download
26

Feature Comparison
J2ME CDC - J2ME CLDC - .NET CF
27
User Interfaces J2ME

J2ME CDC
Personal Profile: Full AWT available and third

party widget toolkits based on AWT available
Personal Basis Profile: Basic AWT components

available, lightweight implementation of widgets in reference implementation integrated
J2ME CLDC
Limited set of UI widgets for MIDP Limited AWT subset for PDA Profile
User Interfaces .NET CF

Two flavors
Generic provides cross-OS portability

Drawing primitives Controls and Forms
Windows Forms
Supersets generic functionality Available for Windows CE devices Consistent with WinForms on .NET Framework Drag n drop UI designer in Visual Studio
29
Data Capabilities J2ME

Database interface capabilities on client device
J2ME CDC & CLDC
Optional package for each configuration and

profile available
CDC: Subset of full JDBC capabilities

downloadable as beta version
CLDC: JDBC like APIs from third party vendors

(IBM, PointBase, etc.)
30
Data Capabilities .NET CF

SQL Server CE Database Engine
SQL grammar compatible with SQL Server 2000 Transaction support 128-bit file-level encryption and password protection
Database engine occupies approximately 1.2 to 1.6 megabytes (MB) of disk space
(GB), with support for BLOBs of up to 1 GB.
SQL Server CE supports databases up to 2 gigabytes

On Pocket PC
ADO.NET data classes can be used Data-bound controls may use ADO.NET
XML Support J2ME

No built in support for XML in J2ME
J2ME does not contain any XML specific classes

Third party APIs available for J2ME CDC and CLDC
kXML XML DOM and SAX XSLT Compiler from Sun for J2ME
XML support will be standardized in J2ME optional package for Web Services (see below)
XML Support .NET CF

Built in support for XML
XmlReader and XmlWriter classes XmlDocument class is an implementation of the

Document Object Model (DOM)
Unsupported (heavy weight) features
Validation using Document Type Definitions

(DTDs) or XML schemas
Extensible Stylesheet Language Transformations

(XSLT) and XML Path language (XPath)
Communication
J2ME
RMI: for CDC and CLDC via optional packages Sockets and HTTP(S) implementation available Not available: SOAP in standard J2ME
.NET CF
Sockets built in framework HTTP(S) request and response SOAP support built in
Web Services Overview
35
Web Services J2ME

Third party implementations
kSOAP, kXML, kUDDI

Java Web Services Development Pack (SUN)
Development of Server side

J2ME Web Services
Standardization in progress Subset of relevant technologies Draft API specification is available

Web Services .NET CF

Full support of web services
Clean, protocol level separation of publishing and usage Separation of data from presentation enables rich client applications Client applications can aggregate web services from multiple sources Client applications can control chunkiness of transfers
.NET CF can execute VS.NET generated client proxy code
Sync and async interfaces are supported

Conclusion
Both technologies are mature and applicable
Comprehensive set of features

Many similarities between J2ME and .NET CF
Ease of development
Integrated Development Environments
Stable implementation base Rich set of emulators available
Seamless integration into general application

architecture
Web Services
38
Conclusion ctd.
Features
User Interfaces
Known desktop widgets Limited display size!
Data management
Simple data management capabilities
XML
Needed for data exchange and Web Services Built in (.NET CF) or third party implementations (J2ME)
Conclusion ctd.
Communication
Support for relevant protocols (HTTP(S), SOAP, Sockets) Transparent use of wireless communication technolgies like GPRS, and WLAN
Web Services
Standard is supported by .NET CF, and both Java configurations
40
Which Technology To Choose?

Technology is not the driving force for a mobile solution
Used devices and available infrastructures determine the technology
No recommendation for one specific technology!


Questions And Discussion
42
References
Main Resource Article "Let the Mobile Games Begin," Michael Juntao Yuan (JavaWorld) Part 1: A comparison of the philosophies, approaches, and features of J2ME and the upcoming .Net Compact Framework (February 2003) Part 2: J2ME and .Net Compact Framework in action (May 2003) Andy Wigley, Microsoft .NET COMPACT Framework Core Reference, Microsoft Press, 2002
Learn more about J2ME and .Net Compact Framework technologies:
"Java Books Hit the Wire," Michael Juntao Yuan (JavaWorld, July 2002) http://www.javaworld.com/javaworld/jw-07-2002/jw-0719-wireless.html Additional reviews of J2ME related books http://www.enterprisej2me.com/J2MEvsdotNET/books.html#j2me
Learn more about .Net Compact Framework technologies:
Andy Wigley, Microsoft .NET COMPACT Framework Core Reference, Microsoft Press Important books to learn about .Net development http://www.enterprisej2me.com/J2MEvsdotNET/books.html#dotnet Windows Embedded Frequently Asked Questions, Microsoft http://www.microsoft.com/windows/embedded/faq/default.asp Microsoft .Net Compact Framework Quickstarts Tutorial, GOT DOT NET Community http://samples.gotdotnet.com/quickstart/CompactFramework/doc/default.aspx
43
References ctd.
Device Platforms, Microsoft Windows Embedded http://www.microsoft.com/windows/embedded/devices/default.asp .NET Compact Framework Overview, Microsoft Smart Devices Developer Community http://smartdevices.microsoftdev.com/Products/.NET+Compact+Framework/default.a spx .NET Compact Framework Resources, GOT DOT NET Community http://smartdevices.microsoftdev.com/Products/.NET+Compact+Framework/default.a spx
Mobile development tools:
Microsoft Visual Studio .Net: http://msdn.microsoft.com/vstudio/ Borland JBuilder MobileSet: http://www.borland.com/jbuilder/mobileset/index.html Sun ONE Studio: http://wwws.sun.com/software/sundev/jde/index.html CodeWarrior Wireless Studio: http://www.metrowerks.com/MW/Develop/Wireless/Wireless_Studio/Default.htm Sun J2ME Wireless Toolkit: http://java.sun.com/products/j2mewtoolkit/ IBM WebSphere Studio Device Developer, with links to IBM Service Management Framework (SMF): http://www-3.ibm.com/software/pervasive/products/wsdd/ Simplicity IDE from Data Representations: http://www.datarepresentations.com/ 44
References ctd,
Connected Limited Device Configuration (CLDC): http://java.sun.com/products/cldc/ Connected Device Configuration (CDC): http://java.sun.com/products/cdc/ The PersonalJava application environment: http://java.sun.com/products/personaljava/ The CDC Foundation Profile: http://java.sun.com/products/foundation/ The CDC Personal Profile: http://www.jcp.org/en/jsr/detail?id=62 The Mobile Information Device Profile (MIDP): http://java.sun.com/products/midp/ J2ME Web Services Specification standardizes XML processing APIs for small devices: http://www.jcp.org/en/jsr/detail?id=172 Security and Trust Services API for J2ME specifies how to access SIM card security information: http://www.jcp.org/en/jsr/detail?id=177 Mobile Media API specification: http://www.jcp.org/en/jsr/detail?id=135 The PDA Profile for the J2ME Platform defines standard interfaces to PIMs for low-end PDA devices: http://www.jcp.org/en/jsr/detail?id=75 Wireless Messaging API is a framework to enable SMS functionalities in your J2ME applications: http://www.jcp.org/en/jsr/detail?id=120 The Personal Profile provides UI for CDC and Foundation Profile devices: http://www.jcp.org/en/jsr/detail?id=62 The Location API for J2ME standardizes location information access on J2ME devices: http://www.jcp.org/en/jsr/detail?id=179 The JDBC Optional Package for CDC/Foundation Profile defines a subset of JDBC 3.0 specification for mobile databases: http://www.jcp.org/en/jsr/detail?id=169 J2EE Client Provisioning specification: http://java.sun.com/j2ee/provisioning/
45
References ctd.
Mobile database tools:
Microsoft SQL Server CE: http://www.microsoft.com/sql/ce/ Sybase SQL Anywhere Studio: http://www.sybase.com/products/mobilewireless/anywhere PointBase (including Embedded and Micro editions): http://www.pointbase.com/home.shtml IBM DB2 Everyplace: http://www-3.ibm.com/software/data/db2/everyplace/ Oracle9i Lite database and application server: http://www.oracle.com/ip/deploy/ias/mobile/index.html?feat_synch.html Oracle's J2ME SDK that demonstrates the capability of its upcoming 9i wireless application server: http://studio.oraclemobile.com/studio/sites/otn/j2me.html
SCCH resources: One Architecture For Any Mobile Device? http://www.scch.at/mobile Web Services in der Praxis Seminar http://www.scch.at/webservices Developing Java applications for mobile devices Tutorial OOPSLA 2002 http://www.scch.at/index.jsp?menu=publications&link=/research/publications/publication.jsp&id=1221
46

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Franz Gruber franz.gruber@scch.at, Werner Kurschl werner.kurschl@fh-hagenberg.

Building Mobile Applications

Franz Gruber, Werner Kurschl

Architecture Development Comparison

Building Mobile Solutions Organizational Issues

Business model, information flow

Who is responsible for what?

Devices and communication infrastructure

Danger of new security leaks

Architecture Development Comparison

Building Mobile Solutions Technical Implications

Choosing an appropriate scenario

Software infrastructure, hardware requirements

On-/Offline scenario Wireless Wide Area Networks/ Wireless Local Area

Building Mobile Applications Technical Implications ctd.

Synchronisation On-/offline capabilities

Franz Gruber, Werner Kurschl

Architecture Development Comparison

Development computer - Design - Implementation

- Debugging - Test - Deployment

Architecture Development Comparison

Thin Client/Fat Client Scenario

Remote Web Pages

Mobile Web Browser

.NET CF & J2ME

Device Operating System

Franz Gruber, Werner Kurschl

J2ME and .NET on Devices?

Base on proven technologies

Java Application Server (J2EE) .NET Server

Architecture Development Comparison

Java and .NET Philosophies

Language dependent Platform independent Community driven

Franz Gruber, Werner Kurschl

Franz Gruber franz.gruber@scch.at, Werner Kurschl werner.kurschl@fh-hagenberg.at

Building Mobile Applications

Franz Gruber, Werner Kurschl

NET Compact Framework

.NET Compact Framework (CF)

Available for Windows CE 3.0 /CE.NET devices

Franz Gruber, Werner Kurschl

NET Compact Framework Execution Environment

Application SqlServerCE library

Platform Adaption Layer (PAL) Host OS Services

Franz Gruber, Werner Kurschl

.NET Compact Framework Architecture

System.Drawing Drawing2D Printing Imaging Text

System.Data ADO.NET Odbc SqlClient SqlTypes Design OleDB SqlServerCE

System.Xml XmlDocument XSLT/XPath Serialization Reader/writer

Yellow means specific to CF

Franz Gruber franz.gruber@scch.at, Werner Kurschl werner.kurschl@fh-hagenberg.at

Building Mobile Applications

Franz Gruber, Werner Kurschl

Java 2 Micro Edtion Architecture

Franz Gruber, Werner Kurschl

Java 2 Micro Edition Building Blocks

Franz Gruber, Werner Kurschl

Java 2 Micro Edition is not ONE Java edition

Microsoft .NET Compact Framework

General Characteristics Comparison

Franz Gruber, Werner Kurschl

General Characteristics Comparison ctd.