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Body Odor
Microbial Diseases of the Skin
Skin lesions & rashes does not necessarily
indicate infections of the skin but maybe
manifestations of systemic disease.
Exanthem
Skin rash arising from another focus of
infection
Enanthem
Mucous membrane rash arising from another
focus of infection
BACTERIAL DISEASES OF THE
SKIN
Staphylococcus & Streptococcus
1. Come in contact with the skin & are
adopted to the skin’s physiologic
conditions
2. Produce invasive & damaging enzymes
Staphylococcal Skin Infections
Staphylococcus
- spherical, Gram- positive
- irregular grape-like clusters
Types of Staph.
1. Coagulase-positive
- produces Coagulase – an enzyme
that clots fibrin.
- fibrin clot protects the organism from
phagocytosis
2. Coagulase- negative
- does not produce Coagulase
- 90% of skin normal flora
- pathogenic only when skin barrier is
broken ( Insertion & removal of catheter)
Staphylococcus epidermidis
- Gram-positive cocci, coagulase-negative
- found in human skin
- found in catheters surrounded by slime
layer of capsular material
- protection against dessication &
disinfection
Staphylococcus aureus
- Gram-positive cocci, coagulase-positive
- most pathogenic
- forms golden yellow colonies
Toxins produced by Staph. Aureus:
1. Leukocidin
2. Exfoliative toxin
3. Enterotoxin
Problems in Staph. Infection:
1. Dangers to surgical wounds
- S. aureus is carried by hosp. staff &
visitors
2. Antibiotic resistance
- only 10% are sensitive to Penicillin
3. Favorarable environment provided by nasal
passages
4. Hair follicles as reservoirs
Warts / Verruca
- Papillomaviruses, benign skin growth
- person to person contact, sexually
Tx: Removal
- Cold liquid nitrogen, Electrodessication
Acid burning
Poxviruses
Smallpox (Variola)
- Smallpox virus (Orthopox virus)
Variola major has 20% mortality
Variola minor has <1% mortality
- transmitted by respiratory route & infects
internal organs
- Eradicated
- bioterrorism
Herpesviruses
Scab Heal
Starts in the trunk then spreads to the extremities
Virus may remain latent in dorsal root ganglia
- Central nerve gangliion
- persists as viral DNA ( antibodies cannot
penetrate the CNS)
Shingles / Herpes zoster
- Reactivation of latent HHV-3 releases viruses
that move along peripheral nerves to skin.
- latent Varicella-zoster virus located at the
Dorsal root ganglion ( spine)
Men Women
Measles (Rubeola)
Measles virus
Transmitted by respiratory route
Incubation period: 10-12 days
Infectious even before symptoms occur
Humans are the only known reservoirs
Macular rash
Koplik's spots
- lesions in the oral cavity
- tiny red patches with central white specks
on the oral mucosa opposite the molars.
Symptoms develop like common colds