Storage Foundation Chapter 1

Information Storage and Management
Mastering Real-World Storage Concepts and Technologies
2009 EMC Corporation. All rights reserved.
Course Sections
This course contains the following sections: 1. Introduction to Information Storage Technology
2. Storage Systems Architecture

3. Networked Storage 4. Business Continuity 5. Monitoring and Managing the Data Center 6. Securing Storage and Storage Virtualization
Introduction to Information Storage Technology - 2
Objectives
Upon completion of this course, you will be able to: Describe the logical and physical components of a information storage infrastructure Evaluate storage architectures, including storage subsystems, DAS, SAN, NAS, CAS Examine emerging technologies including IP-SAN
Define backup, recovery, disaster recovery, business continuity and replication

Identify components of managing and monitoring the data center
Define information security and identify different storage virtualization technologies
Introduction to Information Storage Technology
Section 1 - Introduction
Section Objectives
Upon completion of this section, you will be able to: Describe how data is created, the amount of data being created, and the value of information to a business Identify challenges in information storage and management
List the solutions available for data storage

List and describe the core elements of a Data Center infrastructure
Describe the key requirements of Storage Systems
In This Section
This section contains the following modules: Meeting Todays Information Storage Needs
Data Center Infrastructure
Meeting Todays Information Storage Needs

Upon completion of this module, you will be able to: Describe who is creating data and the amount of data being created Describe the value of data to business List the solutions available for data storage
Data Creation
Data is being created at an ever increasing rate
Data creation/generation is growing at a rate in excess of 50% year over year The need to store the data over longer periods of time with improved accessibility is also growing
Information Technology (IT) budgets are responding

IT budgets typically have to account for expenditure on servers, networks, storage, personnel, etc. To keep up with data storage needs, IT expenditure on storage has increased proportionally It is estimated that about 40% of the IT expenditure is data storage related
Data Creation: Individuals

What data is created by individuals Examples include:
Photos Documents
Spreadsheets Video
Data Creation: Individuals

Where is this data stored Storage can be in:
Cameras MP3 players
Laptop hard drives CDROM/DVDs USB drives
Data Creation: Business

What data is created by a business Examples of data created by a business include:
Product data: inventory, description, pricing, availability, sales numbers and projections Customer data: orders, shipping details
Account data: banking, financial services industry Medical data: health care providers, insurance industry, hospitals
Data Creation: Business

Where is this data stored Business data can be stored on:
Employee workstations Servers
Disk arrays Tapes CDROM/DVDs Off-site libraries
Value of Data to a Business: Information

What do businesses do with the data they collect They turn it into information
Examples of information include:

Buying habits and patterns of customers Health history of patients
Locations where a credit card is used
Value of Information to a Business

Identifying new business opportunities
Buying/spending patterns: internet stores, retail stores, supermarkets Customer satisfaction/service: tracking shipments, and deliveries
Identifying patterns that lead to changes in existing business

Reduced cost: just-in-time inventory, eliminating over-stocking of products, optimizing shipment and delivery New services: security alerts for stolen credit card purchases Targeted marketing campaigns: communicate to bank customers with high checking account balances about a special savings plan
Creating a competitive advantage
Value of Individual Data to a Business

What data, created by individuals, might be valuable to a business Examples of business value from individuals data include:
On-line job search services On-line photo storing and sharing services
Information Availability - Downtime is Expensive

Millions of US Dollars per Hour in Lost Revenue
Retail Insurance Information technology Financial institutions Manufacturing Call location Telecommunications Credit card sales authorization Energy Point of sale
1.1
1.2
1.3 1.5 1.6 1.6 2.0 2.6
2.8
3.6 6.5
Retail brokerage
Source Meta Group, 2005
Categories of Data
Data can be categorized as either structured or unstructured data Over 80% of enterprise information is unstructured (Fulcrum Research)
Contracts Images Manuals Forms X-rays Instant Messages
E-mail Attachments
Unstructured
What has been the traditional Structured approach to storing all this data
Rows and Columns
Checks
PDFs Rich Media Claims XML Paper Web Pages Audio & Video Invoices Records Documents
Data Storage Models: An Evolution

Centralized: terminals connected to a Mainframe computer which had connectivity to internal or external storage devices (disks, tapes) Decentralized: With the advent of Open Systems, business units within an enterprise adopted a ClientServer model Centralized: Networked Storage (the current best practice model being used in IT)
Data Storage Models: An Evolution (continued)

Centralized: terminals connected to a Mainframe computer which had connectivity to internal or external storage devices (disks, tapes) Decentralized: With the advent of Open Systems, business units within an enterprise adopted a ClientServer model Centralized: Networked Storage (the current best practice model being used in IT)
Common Data Storage Media and Solutions

Tape Library: A collection of tape drives and tapes Jukeboxes: A collection of optical disks and drives
Disk Arrays: A collection hard disks

Each solution addresses specific needs for data storage and management.
Tape Library Backup/Restore; Archival of data Jukeboxes Typically to store non-changing content over long periods of time Disk Arrays To store data that has to be immediately accessible and on-line
Tape Storage Systems

Traditionally tape based storage is relatively inexpensive, compared to disk arrays. They served as primary storage solutions in the early days. Tape drives use Read/Write heads to record bits of data onto magnetic material on the tape surface. This technology continues to evolve, providing higher storage capacity, greater reliability, and improved performance.
Storing Data on Tape

Data is recorded sequentially from the beginning to end, one byte after another. Because data is stored linearly along the length of the tape, random access to specific bits of data is slow and time consuming. This severely limits tape as a medium for real-time, rapid access to data. Tapes cannot be simultaneously shared among multiple users or applications.
Optical Data Storage
Popular in small, single-user computing environments.

Frequently used by individuals to store and share data, or as backup solution. Also used as distribution medium for applications, or as a means of transferring small amounts of data between computers.
Disk Based Storage

Disk based storage provides a number of advantages over tape and optical solutions:
Data can be randomly accessed very rapidly
Larger capacity
Less wear and tear compared to tapes Simultaneous access for multiple users and applications Numerous options to ensure data availability
Worldwide Information Growth

Annual Growth of Data Stored on Disk Arrays
120%
100%
>70% in 2005
80%
60%
40%
0% 2001
Data Source: IDC
~60% Average Growth Rate

2002 2003 2004 2005e
Module Summary
Key points covered in this module: Who is creating data and the amount of data being created The value of data to business The evolution of data storage models Three common media and solutions for large scale data storage
Data Center Infrastructure

Upon completion of this module, you will be able to: List the five core elements of a data center infrastructure
Describe the role of each element in supporting business activities

Describe the requirements of storage systems for optimally supporting business activities Describe the challenges and activities in managing the storage systems of a data center
The Core Elements

Applications Databases Database Management System (DBMS) and the physical and logical storage of data Servers/Operating systems Networks (LAN and SAN) Storage arrays
Example of a Data Center Infrastructure

Server Client
Local Area Network
Storage Area Network
Storage Array
Application User Interface
OS and DBMS
Database
Consider an order processing system consisting of:
Application for order entry

Database Management System (DBMS) to store customer and product information Server/Operating System (OS) on which the application and database programs are run Networks that provide
Connectivity between Clients and the Application/Database Server (LAN) Connectivity between the Server and the Storage system (SAN)
Storage Array database is stored on physical disks in the storage array

2009 EMC Corporation. All rights reserved. Introduction to Information Storage Technology - 29
An Example - Closer Look

Server Client
Local Area Network
Storage Array
Application User Interface
OS and DBMS
Database
A customer order is entered via the Application User Interface on a client
An Example - Closer Look (continued)

Server Client
Local Area Network
Storage Array
OS and DBMS
Database
A customer order is entered via the Application User Interface on a client The client accesses the server over a Local Area Network

Server Client
Local Area Network
Storage Array
O/S and DBMS
Database
A DBMS uses the operating system on the server to read and write this data to the physical location on a disk

Server Client
Local Area Network
Storage Array
O/S and DBMS
Database
A DBMS uses the operating system on the server to read and write this data to the physical location on disk A dedicated Storage Area Network provides the communication link between the server and the storage array, and transports the read/write commands and data between the server and the storage array

Server Client
Local Area Network
Storage Array
Database
A DBMS uses the operating system on the server to read and write this data to the physical location on disk A Network provides the communication link between the client and the server, and transports the read/write commands and data between the server and the storage array A storage array receives the read/write commands and data from the server and performs the necessary operations to store the data on the physical disks
Optimal Order Processing Example

The application should be optimized for fast interaction with the DBMS The tables in the database should be constructed with care so the number of read/write operations can be minimized The server should have sufficient CPU and memory resources to satisfy application and DBMS needs The different networks should provide fast communication between client and server, as well as server and storage array The storage array should service the read/write requests from the server for optimal performance
Final Look at Data Access - Example

When the DBMS receives a request from the application: It first searches the server memory; if data is found there, the operation takes about a millisecond If not, it uses the operating system to request the data from the storage array
Dedicated high speed networks transport this request to the storage array
Intelligent storage arrays can deliver the requested data within a few milliseconds, and are typically configured to protect data in the event of drive failures
Key Requirements of Information Storage Systems
Availability Data Integrity Security
Manageability
Performance Scalability
Capacity
Some Constraints to Meeting the Requirements

Constraints include: Cost
Physical environment
Maintenance and support Compliance regulatory and legal Hardware and software infrastructure Interoperability and compatibility
Management Activities
Data Center management activities include: Provisioning/Capacity/Resource Planning
Monitoring
Reporting
Module Summary
Key points covered in this module: The five core elements of a Data Center infrastructure
The role of each element in supporting business activity was explained with an example of an order entry process
The importance of an intelligent storage array Key requirements of storage systems to support business activities, as well as some of the constraints Examples of key management activities in a data center operation, with focus on storage systems
Section Summary
Key points covered in this section: Challenges in data storage and data management
The core elements in a data center
Check Your Knowledge

What are the five core technology elements of the Data Center infrastructure? What are the seven requirements of the information storage system? What are the common management activities in a Data Center?

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Information Storage and Management

Mastering Real-World Storage Concepts and Technologies

2009 EMC Corporation. All rights reserved.

2. Storage Systems Architecture

2009 EMC Corporation. All rights reserved.

Introduction to Information Storage Technology - 2

Define backup, recovery, disaster recovery, business continuity and replication

Define information security and identify different storage virtualization technologies

2009 EMC Corporation. All rights reserved.

Introduction to Information Storage Technology - 3

Introduction to Information Storage Technology

2009 EMC Corporation. All rights reserved.

List the solutions available for data storage

Describe the key requirements of Storage Systems

2009 EMC Corporation. All rights reserved.

Introduction to Information Storage Technology - 5

Data Center Infrastructure

2009 EMC Corporation. All rights reserved.

Introduction to Information Storage Technology - 6

Meeting Todays Information Storage Needs

2009 EMC Corporation. All rights reserved.

Introduction to Information Storage Technology - 7

Information Technology (IT) budgets are responding

2009 EMC Corporation. All rights reserved.

Introduction to Information Storage Technology - 8

Data Creation: Individuals

2009 EMC Corporation. All rights reserved.

Introduction to Information Storage Technology - 9

Data Creation: Individuals

2009 EMC Corporation. All rights reserved.

Introduction to Information Storage Technology - 10

Data Creation: Business

2009 EMC Corporation. All rights reserved.

Introduction to Information Storage Technology - 11

Data Creation: Business

2009 EMC Corporation. All rights reserved.

Introduction to Information Storage Technology - 12

Value of Data to a Business: Information

Examples of information include:

Locations where a credit card is used

2009 EMC Corporation. All rights reserved.

Introduction to Information Storage Technology - 13

Value of Information to a Business

Identifying patterns that lead to changes in existing business

Creating a competitive advantage

2009 EMC Corporation. All rights reserved.

Introduction to Information Storage Technology - 14

Value of Individual Data to a Business

2009 EMC Corporation. All rights reserved.

Introduction to Information Storage Technology - 15

Information Availability - Downtime is Expensive

2009 EMC Corporation. All rights reserved.

2009 EMC Corporation. All rights reserved.

Introduction to Information Storage Technology - 17

Data Storage Models: An Evolution

2009 EMC Corporation. All rights reserved.

Introduction to Information Storage Technology - 18

Data Storage Models: An Evolution (continued)

2009 EMC Corporation. All rights reserved.

Introduction to Information Storage Technology - 19

Common Data Storage Media and Solutions

Disk Arrays: A collection hard disks

2009 EMC Corporation. All rights reserved.

Introduction to Information Storage Technology - 20