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INTRODUCTIO N
Android is an open source operating system based on
Linux kernel and launched by Google.
ARCHITECTURE OF ANDROID
1. 2. 3.
interface.
INTENT BROADCAST RECEIVER: It is in charge of the reception
of system wide broadcast and take response aiming at the information that a broadcast transmitted.
4.
5.
running operations or to perform work for remote processes and does not provide a user interface.
LIFECYC LE OF AN ACTIVIT Y
The Android Software Development Kit (SDK) includes a comprehensive set of development tools:
CROWDSOURCING IS A DISTRIBUTED PROBLEM-SOLVING MODEL IN WHICH A CROWD OF UNDEFINED SIZE IS ENGAGED TO SOLVE A COMPLEX PROBLEM THROUGH AN OPEN CALL.
SMARTPHONES
In-House Applications!
SmartTrace (ICDE09,MDM09,TKDE12)
in-house applications that optimize location-based search and similarity services over data generated by a enables similarity matching between a given pattern and the trajectories of smartphone users, keeping the ; (ii) Crowdcast enables location-based interaction by efciently calculating the k nearest neighbors for each artP2P optimizes energy, time and recall of search in a mobile social community for objects generated by a se applications can be deployed on SmartLab, a novel cloud of 40+ Android devices deployed at University of en testbed that facilitates research and development of applications on smartphones at a massive scale.
A smartphone crowd is constantly moving and sensing providing large amounts of opportunistic data that enables new services and applications
distributed problem-solving model ened size is engaged to solve a an open call (see Figure 1). Crowdpenetrated the mobile workforce, old the full potential of this new his is true due to the smartphones nique features. Smartphones are in and are always connected. Thereatform for extending existing weblications to a larger contributing n easier and omnipresent. Furtherabilities (geo-location, light, moveors, among others) of smartphones, cient means for opportunistic data owdsourcing applications . ons on smartphones can be clasweb-based applications or as new class expands to users that do not onal workstation and adds the dion-based information to the service. ions are Gigwalk 1 , Jana2 and the
Fig. 1. Crowdsourcing with smartphones: A smartphone crowd is constantly moving and sensing providing large amounts of opportunistic data that enables new services and applications.
Origin
->
We can classify smartphone crowdsourcing applications into either extensions of Web- based applications or new applications. -> The former class expands to users who dont have access to a conventional workstation and adds the dimension of real-time location-based information to the service. Examples include Gigwalk (www.gigwalk.com) and Jana (www.jana.com)
Crowds Involvement
->
Another key characteristic of mobile crowdsourcing is whether the crowds contribution is participatory or opportunistic.
Data Wisdom
->
Inputs value can lie either in the individual or the collective contribution, where crowdsourcing system strives to benefit from each contribution in isolation or emerging property resulting from the system of stimuli, respectively.
the from an
Contribution Quality -> Homogeneous: Each contribution has the same weight
-> Heterogeneous: Each contribution is evaluated and can be compared to, compete against, or complete other contributions.
Incentives
-> The incentives used for the crowd can include pay, altruism, enjoyment, reputation, and so on. In our taxonomy, we make a more distinct division between monetary, ethical, entertainment, and services exchange.
MOTIVATION
Create a Framework for Efficient Proximity Interactions
SYSTEM MODEL
A set of users moving in the plane of a region (u1, u2, un) Area covered by a set of Network Connectivity Points (NCP) u3. Query Processor Each NCP creates the notion of a cell u2. QP W.l.o.g., let the cell be represented by a
circular area with an arbitrary radius u0
.u .u
1
A mobile user u is serviced at any given time point by one NCP. There is some centralized service, denoted as QP (Query Processor), which is aware of the coverage of each NCP. Each user u reports its positional
u6
.
u7
u5
PROBLEM DEFINITION
Definition of the CAkNN problem:
Given a set U of n users and their location reports ri,t R at timestep t T , then the CAkNN problem is to find in each timestep t T and for each user ui U the k objects Usol U ui such that for all other objects uo U Usol ui, dist(uk, ui) dist(uo, ui) holds
Query Processor
u3
. . .u . .u
1 4
u2 u0 u6 u5
.
u7
Notice that k+-heap is a heap-based structure and most location reports will be dropped as a result of an insert operation
3. For every user scan the k+-heap of his cell to find his k-NN
Query Processor
u3
u6 u5
u2 u0
. .
.u
.u
1
.
u7
Users in a cell will share the same search space (search space sharing)
u3 Cell
.
u2 u0
. .u
1
.u
u6
.
u7
u5
PROXIMITY K+-HEAP
The k+-heap structure for a cell
k+-heap structure
U list
K top-k heap
B ordered list
K nearest users Beyond k nearest outside the cell outside users (correctness)
7.
8. 9.
10.ELSE IF ux is closer to the boundary of the cell than candidate boundary THEN
insert ux to ordered list B
Structure B
U list K top-k heap B ordered list
u6
u4 u7 u2 u3
u6
u6 u6 u6 u6 u4 u7, u4 u4, u2 u3, u2 u7 u4, u7
u3
.
u2 u0
. .
.u
u6 u5
.u
u1
u5 u0
u6
u6 u6, u0
u2, u1
u2, u1 u 2, u 1
u3, u4
u3, u4, u5 u3, u4, u5
.
u7
PROXIMITY
WIN7 API
Ranked 3rd in Microsofts ImagineCup contest local competition (to appear in the next demo session!)
CROWDCAST: MSGCAST
MsgCast
- Location-based Chat Channel (Post / Follow) - Provide Guidelines
CROWDCAST: HELPCAST
HelpCast
"The Ubiquitous Help Platform for Anyone in Need
CROWDCAST: EYECAST
EyeCast
- Disaster Recovery Operations - Indoor Video Conferencing Network
CROWDCAST: WEBSITE
http://www.zegathem.com/