Tolerances

Introduction
tolerancing
technique of dimensioning parts within a required range of variation to ensure interchangeability

A tolerance should be as large as possible without interfering with the function of the part to minimize production costs.

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Tolerance Dimensions
unilateral tolerance
2.250 +.000 -.008

bilateral tolerance
2.250 .004

limit tolerance
2.255 2.245

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Mating Parts

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Cylindrical Fits

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Cylindrical Fits English Units

EML 2023 Computer Aided Design

Cylindrical Fits English Units

EML 2023 Computer Aided Design

Cylindrical Fits English Units

EML 2023 Computer Aided Design

Cylindrical Fits English Units

EML 2023 Computer Aided Design

Cylindrical Fits English Units

tolerance - difference between the
limits of size for a single feature ; shaft .0025 ; hole .0040

limits of tolerance the max and

min sizes of a single feature

allowance the tightest fit between

two mating parts ; .0050

nominal size the general size of

a shaft or hole ; 1.5

basic size the size to which the

plus-and minus is applied

actual size the measured size of

the finished part

fit - the degree of tightness or

looseness between two assembled parts

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Cylindrical Fits English Units

clearance fit gives a clearance between two assembled mated parts ; min clearance .005 ; max clearance .0115 transition fit interference fit line fit

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Cylindrical Fits English Units

clearance fit interference fit a binding fit
that requires the parts to be forced together, much as if they were welded

transition fit may range from

a interference fit to a clearance fit between the mated parts

line fit results in surface

contact or clearance when limits are reached

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Cylindrical Fits English Units

The ANSI B4.1 standard defines a series of fits between cylindrical features in inches for the basic hole system.

The types of fits covered in the standard are:

RC: running or sliding clearance fits LC: clearance locational fits LT: transition locational fits LN: interference locational fits FN: force and shrink fits

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Cylindrical Fits English Units

RC: running or sliding clearance fits
RC1 to RC9

LC: clearance locational fits

LC1 to LC11

LT: transition locational fits

LT1 to LT6

LN: interference locational fits

LN1 to LN3

FN: force and shrink fits

FN1 to FN5
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Example RC9 Fit

hole and shaft have a basic diameter of 2.5 From Tables in Appendix 29

thousands of an inch EML 2023 Computer Aided Design

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Example LT3 Fit

hole and shaft have a basic diameter of 2.5 From Tables in Appendix 31

2.5012 2.5000 2.5008 2.5001

thousands of an inch EML 2023 Computer Aided Design

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Example LN2 Fit

hole and shaft have a basic diameter of 2.5 From Tables in Appendix 32

2.5012 2.5000 2.5021 2.5014

thousands of an inch EML 2023 Computer Aided Design

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Example Problem

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Cylindrical Fits Metric Units

ANSI B4.2 standard
basic size the diameter from which limits are calculated upper and lower deviation the difference between the hole or shaft size and the basic size tolerance - the difference between the maximum and minimum sizes

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Cylindrical Fits Metric Units

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Cylindrical Fits Metric Units

fundamental deviation a letter grade that describes the deviation closest to the basic size International Tolerance (IT) grade a series of tolerances that vary with the basic size to provide a uniform level of accuracy within a given grade there are 18 IT grades: IT01, IT0, IT1, , IT16

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Cylindrical Fits Metric Units

Hole basis
a system of fits based on the minimum hole size as the basic diameter the fundamental deviation for a hole-basis system is H Appendices 35 and 36 give hole-basis data for tolerances

Shaft basis
a system of fits based on the maximum shaft size as the basic diameter the fundamental deviation for a hole-basis system is h Appendices 37 and 38 give shaft-basis data for tolerances

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Cylindrical Fits Metric Units

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Cylindrical Fits Metric Units

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Example 1
determine the shaft and hole limits for:
hole-basis system a close running fit a basic diameter of 49 mm use a preferred size

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27

Example 1
use a preferred basic diameter of 50 mm use a fit of H8/f7

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Example 2
determine the shaft and hole limits for:
hole-basis system a location transition fit a basic diameter of 57 mm use a preferred size

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Example 2
use a preferred basic diameter of 60 mm use a fit of H7/k6

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Example 3
determine the shaft and hole limits for:
hole-basis system a medium drive fit a basic diameter of 96 mm use a preferred size

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Example 3
use a preferred basic diameter of 100 mm use a fit of H7/s6

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Nonstandard Fits, Nonpreferred Sizes

determine the shaft and hole limits for:
hole-basis system a close running fit a basic diameter of 45 mm (do not change to a preferred size)

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Nonstandard Fits, Nonpreferred Sizes

use a fit of H8/f7

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