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1 Rate expression
16.1.1 Distinguish between the terms rate constant, overall order of reaction and order of reaction with respect to a particular reactant. 16.1.2 Deduce the rate expression for a reaction from experimental data. 16.1.3 Solve problems involving rate expression 16.1.4 Sketch, identify and analyze graphical representation for zero-, first- and second-order reactions.
Rate Law
Math expression to show how rate depends on concentration Rate = k[reactant 1]m[reactant 2]n m and n are called reaction orders. Their sum is called the overall reaction order. k is the rate constant. It is specific to a reaction at a certain temperature.
rate k [H2O 2 ]
Sample Exercise 1:
2NO + 2H2 N2 + 2H2O is the reaction were
studying, this is the data found during our experimentation
Experiment Number
1
Conc. of NO (M)
0.210
Conc. of H2 (M)
0.122
0.210
0.244
0.0678
0.420 3
0.122
0.1356
Rate = k [NO]2[H2] The overall rate order for this reaction is 3 (1+2)
Suppose
If when we ran exp #1 and #3 , the rate didnt change, what rate law would we expect? Since it didnt change when we doubled [NO], the rate order is 0, meaning the rate doesnt depend on the concentration of NO at all, so rate= k[H2] and the overall reaction order is 1.
Sample Exercise 2:
Use the kinetics data to write the rate law for the reaction. What overall reaction order is this?
2NO + O2 2NO2
Exp # [NO] [O2] Rate forming NO2 (M/s)
1 2 3 4
exp #1 and exp #2, [O2] remained constant, where [NO] is doubled. The rate is quadrupled. The rate order for [NO] is 2. Exp #1 and exp #3, [NO] remained constant, where [O2] is doubled. The rate is doubled. The rate order for [O2] is 1. Overall reaction order (1+2) = 3
Sample Exercise 3
Rate data for the reaction: CH3Br + OH- CH3OH + BrExp #
1 2 3
CH3Br
0.200 0.400 0.400
First order
Conc. shows an exponential decrease, that is the time for the conc. to fall from its initial value to half its initial value, is equal to the time required for it to fall from half to one quarter to one eighth, etc This is known as half-life, t Look at next slide for graphical representation
Radioactive decay
First order exponential decay Half life is important and can be found from a graph or the equation
t = ln2 k Example: if the rate constant of a first order reaction is 0.005 s-1, then the half life will be t = ln2 = 139 s 0.005
Now you can try to do #7 on handout