5.

MITOSIS

Learning Outcomes
Explain the importance of controlled mitosis. Explain the effects of uncontrolled mitosis in living things. Describe the application of knowledge on mitosis in cloning. Explain the advantages and disadvantage of cloning.

THE IMPORTANCES OF CONTROLLED MITOSIS

The genetic information carried by the chromosome - proper functioning of an organism. Each types of cell has its own timing of cell division - normal growth, development and maintenance. Regulate the entire process of cell division - each cell has a control system to ensure the cell division is complete and divide in a control manner. Certain gene control the cell cycle - Stimulate the formation of chromatin during the S phase.

EFFECTS OF UNCONTROLLED MITOSIS

Cell divides through mitosis repeatedly without control and regulation can produced cancerous cells. The abnormal production of a mass of cells called a tumor. These cells compete with the normal cells to obtain nutrients and energy for growth. The tumor will invade and destroy neighbouring cells.

 Cancer can be caused by Explosure to ionising radiation such as X-rays, UV rays and gamma rays. Certain chemicals that are carcinogenic such as tar in tobacco and formaldehyde Certain viruses

Its All About Cloning What Do You Know About

CLONING?

Cloning is the process of producing genetically identical organisms or clones through reproduction

APPLICATION OF KNOWLEDGE ON MITOSIS IN CLONING

TISSUE CULTURE The growth of tissues or cells in a suitable and sterile culture medium containing nutrients and growth hormones to produce new organisms that are identical to the parent. The new organisms produced are called clone. Various part of plants can be cultured. Animal cloning involve the replacement of the nucleus of unfertilised egg cell with the nucleus from a somatic cell. The embryo is produced by mitosis which develops into a clone.

Cut a piece of explants tissue and sterilised

2
Cultured in sterile medium

3
Tissue divide by mitosis form callus and differentiate

Embryo develop into plantlets

ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGE OF CLONING

ADVANTAGES -Large number of clones can be produced in short time. - Crops are resistance to herbicide, pest and disease. - Do not need pollinating agents - Produce flowers and fruits in shorter period. - Cloned produce higher and better quality plants and animal. DISADVANTAGES - Decreases genetic variation. - The resistance of the clone to the pest and disease is same. - Prevents natural selection: undergo mutations. - Human therapeutic cloning has raised many ethical, legal, moral, and religious issues.

Activity
1) 5/6 members in each group. 2) The presentative groups please come forward and take only one article. 3) Each group needs to discuss and write down the advantages and disadvantage of cloning.