INTERPERSONAL RELATIONSHIP

INTERPERSONAL RELATIONSHIP

Importance of Interpersonal Skills

Vital part of everything Working with people-possess high degree of interpersonal skills Aware of ones own attitudes Able to see usefulness and limitations of their feelings, emotions, beliefs and values Skillful in communicating to others To increase productivity

Focus of the Relationship

Hope that relationship will meet needs they are unable to meet on their own Seeking understanding and acceptance for their own uniqueness as a person

Purpose

To enhance clients well being To promote recovery To support the self care functioning of the client

Context

Particular context and time limited Observe all boundaries

Person Centered Communication

Involves building an individualized relationship structure that allows clients to share their innermost personal experiences and the meanings they have for them-meet needs of client

Autonomy

Important component of person centered communication Decision making by client

Interdependence

Each partner in relationship has an impact upon other Opportunity for personal growth on the part of both participants

Authenticity

The nurses ability to be fully with another human being Empathy and caring person

Confidentiality

Self-Disclosure

Nurse is responsible for regulating the amount of disclosure to facilitate relationship

Phases of the Relationship

Pre-interaction phase Orientation Phase Working Phase Termination Phase

Problems of Interpersonal Relations

1.
2. 3. 4. 5.

Loss of Motivation Indiscriminate Opposition Operational Problems Task Distortions Authority Problem

Interpersonal Needs
1. 2. 3.

The need for Inclusion The need for Control The need for Affection

Power Dependency Relationships

Division of labour Limited resources

Interpersonal Response

Teacher- Student Relationship

1. 2. 3.

Authoritarian Teacher Democratic Teacher A Laissez-faire Teacher

Nurse- Patient Relationship

Extremely essential Client must feel comfortable with their nurses and must trust them

Self Concept and Professional Self

Awareness of ones own perceptions of and feelings about self Ability to derive satisfaction by sharing with the client the responsibility for the nurseclient relationship Ability to view the self as the therapeutic tool for implementation of planned actions Appreciation of the value of shared power in activities directed towards change

Dynamics of Interpersonal Relationship

Nurse-client relationship is a helpful, purposeful interaction between an authority in health care, the nurse, and a person or group with health care needs Accountable to the client who is the recipient of the services

Therapeutic use of self

The ability to use ones personality consciously and in full awareness in an attempt to establish relatedness and to structure nursing interventions Self awareness and self understanding

Interpersonal Relationship with Team members

Elements-authenticity, empathy, active listening, respect for dignity of others Building bridges-collaboration, coordination and networking Modification of barriers-negotiation and conflict resolution

Characteristics of Enhancing Therapeutic Relationship

1.
2. 3. 4. 5.

Rapport Trust Respect Genuineness Empathy

Helping Relationship

Developing helping relationship

Listen actively Help to identify what the person is feeling Empathy Be honest Do not tell a person not to feel Do not tell a person what to feel Be genuine Know your role and your limitations

Non- Caring Communication Behaviour in Relationship

Failure to Listen Being Judgmental Making Stereotyped response Changing the subject

Results of Helping Relationships

Increased Client understanding of how better personal responsibility and accountability for health can be achieved Perceived Satisfaction in the Relationship

Bridges to the Relationship

Caring Empowerment Trust Empathy Mutuality Confidentiality

Barriers to the Relationship

Anxiety Stereotyping and Bias Violation of Personal space

Role Relationship patterns

Set of behavioral standards and norms established by a society or community group to which a person belongs Factors-social desirability, external support, personal commitment, culture

Clarifying Values in the Nurse-Client Relationship

Group Dynamics

Definition

Work Group A Group is considered a collection of 2 or more people who are independent and who interact with one another for the purpose of performance to achieve a common goal. Group Dynamics Group dynamics is the study of groups, and also a general term for group processes.

Purpose of an Organized Working Group

Providing quality care according to clearly defined standards

The Characteristics of Groups

1.
2. 3. 4. 5.

Interaction Structure Size Goals Cohesiveness

Importance of Group Dynamics

Group serve as a focal point of social life Through participation, individuals may satisfy needs for belonging, status and security Groups provide a major mechanism for the achievement of organizational goals

Factors affecting Group Dynamics

The content or task of the group The physical atmosphere The psychological atmosphere Members personal preoccupations Level of interaction and discussions Familiarity

Types of Groups

Task Groups Teaching Groups Supportive or Therapeutic Groups

Assessing Group Dynamics

Commitment Leadership style Decision-making methods a. Individual or Authority-rule decisions b. Minority decisions c. Majority decisions d. Consensus decisions e. Unanimous decisions

Contd.

Group Task roles Interaction patterns Cohesiveness Power

Group Formation

Participation Communication Problem solving Leadership

Group Development
1.
2.

3. 4.

First stage: Forming a group Second stage: Formation of dyads and triads Third stage: Task performance Fourth stage: Fully functional groups

Facilitating a group
Understand what is happening within the group Be aware of his/her own personality Know how to facilitate Status in Groups-social ranking Team Building for special tasks

How Groups get things done?

Social Loafing Group decision making Group polarization and Groupthink Brain Storming

Groups and Nursing Management

Goals Background Participation Communication patterns Group Cohesion and membership Group Climate Group Norms and Conformity

Contd.

Group Decision making procedures Roles of Group members a. Task roles b. Maintenance roles c. Self-Oriented roles Teaching Groups Supportive and Therapeutic Groups

Implications for Nurses

A clear understanding of purpose and goals Flexibility Effective Communication An appropriate balance between Group productivity and Individual satisfaction Group maturity and cohesiveness The groups ability to solve its own problems

Organizational Behaviour

Organizational Behavior is a term related to the study of individual and group dynamics in an organizational settings, as well as the nature of the organizations themselves

Nature of Organizational Behaviour

Importance of Organizational Behaviour

Provides understanding of the Human Behaviour in all directions in which the Human beings interact Helps to analyze why and how an individual behaves in a particular way Offers several ideas to management as to how human factor should be properly emphasized to achieve organizational objectives Provides means to achieve co-operative group relationship through interaction

Personality and Organization

Measuring Personality a. Personalities Inventories b. Projective tests Work Motivation: Improving factors a. Job enrichment b. Flexi time c. Empowerment d. Quality circle

Job satisfaction and Reward Management

Measuring Job satisfaction a. Organizational factors - Reward system - Work - Supervisory Behaviour - Working conditions b. Individual factors Effective Reward system

Leadership

Qualities of Leadership a. Guiding others through a role model b. Talent and Technical/specific skill c. Initiative d. Charismatic Inspiration e. A clear sense of purpose f. Optimistic

Contd.
g. Ability to encourage and nurture h. Self-awareness Leadership and Management Leadership occurs anytime one attempts to influence the behavior of an individual or group, regardless of the reason Management is a kind of leadership in which the achievement of organizational goals is paramount

Authority, Power and Politics

Authority a. Traditional Authority b. Legal Authority c. Charismatic Authority Power a. Reward power b. Coercive power c. Legitimate power

Contd
d. Personal power e. Expert power f. Referent power Politics a. Impression management b. Extra Role Relationship c. Coalition d. Bargaining

Organizational Behaviour and Management

Studying OB helps managers understand: why others in the organization behave as they do personal needs, motives, behaviours, feelings and career dynamics attitudinal processes, individual differences, group dynamics, inter group dynamics, organization culture, power, and political behaviour interactions with people outside of the organization

Organizational Behaviour and Managerial Work

Basic Managerial Roles Interpersonal Informational Decision-Making

Critical Managerial Skills

Technical: Skills necessary to accomplish specific tasks within the organization Interpersonal: Skills used to communicate with, understand, and motivate individuals and groups Conceptual: Skills used in abstract thinking Diagnostic: Skills to understand cause-effect relationships and to recognize optimal solutions to problems

Contemporary Organizational Behaviour

Characteristics of the Field Interdisciplinary in focus Descriptive in nature Basic Concepts of the Field Individual processes Interpersonal processes Organizational processes/characteristics

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