Meter applications

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Ohmmeter
Voltmeter Ammeter Multimeter Galvano meter

Watt meter Meter application Read meter Safety precautions

Ohmmeter
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Ohmmeter is an instrument for measuring resistance Resistance is measured with an ohmmeter connected across the resistor. The resistor must be removed from the circuit.
Analog Ohmmeter Digital Ohmmeter

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Ohmmeter Load

Meter Connection

Symbol

Voltmeter
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Voltmeter is an instrument for measuring voltage

Voltage is measured with a voltmeter connected across the current path or parallel to the load The positive side of the meter must be connected toward the positive terminal of the voltage source
Voltmeter

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Analog Voltmeter
+ V

Digital Voltmeter

Symbol
I

Load

Meter Connection

Ammeter
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Ammeter is an instrument used to measure current

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Current is measured with an ammeter connected in the current path or series to the load.

The positive side of the meter must be connected to the positive terminal of the voltage source
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Ammeter

Load

Symbol

Analog Ammeter

Digital Ammeter

Meter Connection

Multimeter
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A Multimeter is used to measure current, AC or DC voltage and resistance.

The functions of ammeter, voltmeter and ohmmeter are combined into a single instrument known as a multimeter. Both types of multimeter have a range switch and a function switch for selecting the desired range of current, ac or dc voltage and resistance.

Analog Multimeter

Digital Multimeter

Galvano meter
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Galvano meter is used to determine flow of current direction.

Flow of current is determined by using the galvano meter connected in the current path or series to the load.

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Symbol

Galvano meter

Meter Connection
Load

Galvano meter

Watt meter
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Watt meter is an instrument that measures electrical power.

It consists of two coils of wire, known as current coil which is connected in series and voltage coil which is shunt across the load. A pointer or display indicates directly the power in the circuit on the meter scale

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Analog Watt meter

Digital Watt meter

Watt meter
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Watt meter is an instrument that measures electrical power.

Current coil

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Voltage coil

Watt meter
Lamp

W
Symbol

Schematic circuit

Meter connection

Meter applications
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Voltage and current measurement in series circuit

Voltage is measured with a voltmeter connected across the current path or parallel to the load Current is measured with an ammeter connected in the current path or series to the load
V 0-30V V

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VT R1 330 R2 470

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S1

Meter applications
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Voltage and current measurement in parallel circuit

R1 + I1 A 330 R2 2.2K R3 10K I3 I2

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+ A -

+ A

IT + A .

+ 0-30V

S1

The positive side of the meter must be connected to the positive terminal of the voltage source

Meter applications
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Voltage and current measurement in series-parallel circuit

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Voltage is measured with a voltmeter connected across the current path or parallel to the load Current is measured with an ammeter connected in the current path or series to the load The positive side of the meter must be connected to the positive terminal of the voltage source

R1 1.2K + A -A R2 3.3K R3 10K +

+ A I1 + A I2 + A I3 B + A IT R5 560

IT

R4 470

+ V 0-30V

S1

Read Meter
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Scale Pointer Knob range selector Range Negative terminal

Positive terminal

Multimeter

Read Meter
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Figure above shows the display of a panel multimeter Determine the value of resistance, voltage and current indicated by the meter.

Read Meter
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Knob range selector

X 10 Resistance X 100 X 1K X 10K

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10 V Voltage

50 V

250 V

1000 V

0.25mA Current

2.5mA

25mA

250mA

Meter safety precaution

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MULTIMETER SAFETY PRECAUTIONS

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As with the other meters, the incorrect use of a multimeter could cause injury or damage. The following safety precautions are the MINIMUM requirement before using a multimeter i. Deenergize and discharge the circuit completely before connecting or disconnecting a multimeter ii. Never apply power to the circuit while measuring resistance with a multimeter iii. Connect the multimeter in series with the circuit for current measurements, and in parallel for voltage measurements

Meter safety precaution

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MULTIMETER SAFETY PRECAUTIONS

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iv. Be certain that the multimeter is switched to ac before attempting to measure ac circuits v. Observe the proper dc polarity when measuring dc vi. When you have finished using a multimeter, switch it to the OFF position vii. Always start with the highest voltage or current range

viii. Adjust the "0 ohms" reading after changing resistance ranges and before making a resistance measurement ix. Be certain to read ac measurements on the ac scale of a multimeter