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Cargo
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Packed/General Cargo a. break bulk, b. neo bulk c. unitizised cargo. Break Bulk is typically when goods is packed in boxes, bags, barrels, crates, drums & on pallets. Ship type used: bulk carriers.
Neo Bulk is typically lumber, paper, steel, cars & trucks. Ship type used: bulk carriers but also specialised roro.
Unitized Cargo is typically cargo that is packed in containers. Ship type used: container. Unpacked/Bulk Cargo a. Liquid/Wet Bulk - is typically petroleum, gasoline, LNG (Liquefied Natural Gas), liquid chemicals Ships used for liquid bulk are tankers. b. Dry Bulk - is typically coal, grain, iron ore Ship type used: bulk carrier.
Cargo stowage
A. shoring, blocking off, B. seizing, lashing, C. upright 1. side ceiling, side sparring, cargo battens, grating (not shown), 2. umber boards, 3. floor ceiling, 4. hatch coaming, 5. hatchway, 6. upper tweendeck, 7. lower tweendeck. 8. lower hold (LH), hold, hatch, 6+7+8= hatch h = deckhead, headroom, h = head under beams,
when the breadth is taken from the inside of the cargo battens, the depth from the wood ceiling to the underside of the deck beams, and the length from the inside of the bulkhead stiffeners or sparring where fitted. Grain capacity is the cubic capacity of a space when the lengths, breadths and depths are taken right to the plating.
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Stowage factor is the ratio of weight to stowage space required under normal conditions.
It indicates how many cubic meters one metric ton of a particular type of cargo occupies in a hold, taking account of unavoidable stowage losses in the means of transport or the CTU (Cargo Transport Unit). Usually expressed as cubic meters per tonnes (m/tonne) or cubic feet per ton (cu.ft.ton).
Cargo stowing less than 1.2 m/tonne (40 cu.ft./ton) is likely to be rated as deadweight cargo.
Angle of repose
When bulk cargo is loaded by pouring on to a fiat surface, it forms an angle between the cone slope of the cargo and a horizontal plane. Low angles of repose indicate that the bulk cargo is prone to shifting at sea. The IMO Code of Safe Practices for Bulk Cargoes (the Bulk Code) distinguishes between cargoes having angles of repose less than % greater than 35 degrees. For cargoes with a smaller angle of repose the Code recommends level trimming and filling in of spaces in which they are loaded.
Angle of repose
The main purpose of dual cranes is to achieve the highest out turn rates in the minimum time.
These two sets of the cranes can work simultaneously but on the two different cargo holds depending upon the size criteria of the crane and cargo holds. Ship with two gantry cranes Best outturn is achieved when both the cranes are working well apart
The gantry crane tracks i.e. the platform on which the gantry crane runs. These include the sprocket teeth head tracks and the track way for the wheels of the gantry.
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1. crane pedestal (or crane post), 2. bolted connection, 3. fixed lower structure, 4. superstructure (or crane body, or revolving superstructure), 5. slewing ring, 6. driving cab, 7. crane boom, 8. heel pin or boom heel pin, 9. topping cylinder, 10. cargo runner (or hoisting rope, or lifting rope), 11. head built-in cargo sheaves, 12. crane top built-in cargo sheaves, 13. cargo winch, 14. rope terminal (thimble), 15. shackle, 16. swivel, 17. link, 18. cargo hook
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Hopper
Gantry crane
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8-sided net : 8 lifting points help contain cargo better than a square net.
Rope sling ends of a rope are joined together to form a loop. It is slung around cargo in bags/bales.
Chain sling put around logs or steel products such as beams to be lifted by crane. A ring and a hook at ends. Car sling made of rope or wire, has a spreader from which two slings are, in turn, suspended.
Nets have an eye at each end of corners for lifting with a hook. For cargo not easily susceptible for damage.