BY:

HENIFA ANDRIANA HESTY CITRA NINGRUM INDAH PERMATASARI NUZULIA MEGA J. TRI AGUSTI S.

INFORMATION REPORT
What is AN INFORMATION REPORT ?
An information report is a piece of text that presents information about a subject. Its purpose is to classify and/or describe using facts about the subjects parts, behaviour and qualities. The subject is usually general rather than particular, for example skin rather than an individual persons skin. Examples of information report texts include: lectures reference articles research assignments chapters in textbooks.

INFORMATION REPORT
Features of AN INFORMATION REPORT
Constructing an information report
A written explanation usually involves three steps. First, there is the general statement about the event or thing. Next follows a series of paragraphs that tell the hows and whys. The final step is a concluding paragraph.

Grammatical features of an information report

Information reports usually include the following grammatical features: technical language related to the subject technical use of the timeless present tense technical use of general nouns (e.g. weather, skin, earthquakes) rather than proper nouns technical linking verbs to describe behaviours or qualities (cells are surrounded by membrane).

INFORMATION REPORT
The NFORMATION REPORT scaffold
1 A general opening statement in the first paragraph This statement tells the audience what the text is going to be about. This can include a short description of the subject. This can include a definition of the subject.

2 A series of paragraphs about the subject Each paragraph usually begins with a topic sentence. The topic sentence in the beginning of each paragraph previews the information contained in the rest of the paragraph The sentences after this preview give more details. Each paragraph should give information about one feature of the subject. These paragraphs build a description of the subject of the report. These paragraphs may include technical language that is related to the subject. 3 A concluding paragraph (optional) The concluding paragraph signals the end of the text. This paragraph can summarise the report

INFORMATION REPORT
MODEL OF AN INFORMATION REPORT TEXT
Structures

Galaxies
A galaxy is a collection of stars and other astronomical bodies, including planets, comets and asteroids, held together by gravity. Galaxies come in different shapes and sizes. These include the spiral, barrel-spiral and elliptical. Our galaxy called the Milky Way, is approximately 100 000 light years in the width and contains over 100 billion stars. The centre of galaxies can contain many young, very hot stars as well as older stars. Swirling clouds that have been energised by magnetic forces also exist in the centre. At this point in time, no one knows the exact number of galaxies in the universe. Astronomers are, however, learning more and more about them everyday.

Grammatical features TIMELESS PRESENT TENSE

INTRODUCTION WITH A BRIEF DESCRIPTION

PARAGRAPHS ABOUT THE SUBJECT

TECHNICAL TERMS RELATED TO THE SUBJECT

GENERAL NOUNS

CONCLUSION

FACTUAL DESCRIPTION
What is A FACTUAL DESCRIPTION?
A factual description describes a particular person, place or thing. Its purpose is to tell about the subject by describing its features without including personal opinions. A factual description differs from an information report because it describes a specific subject rather than a general group. Examples of factual description texts include: descriptions of a particular building descriptions of a specific animal descriptions of a particular place descriptions of a specific person

FACTUAL DESCRIPTION
Features of A FACTUAL DESCRIPTION
Constructing a factual description
A typical description has an opening paragraph introducing the subject of the description, followed by a series of paragraph each describing one feature of the subject. There can also be a final concluding section that signals the end of the description.

Grammatical features of a recount

Factual descriptions usually include the following grammatical features: verbs in the present tense adjectives to describe the features of the subject topic sentence to begin paragraphs and organise the various aspects of the description.

FACTUAL DESCRIPTION
The FACTUAL DESCRIPTION scaffold
1 A general opening statement in the first paragraph This statement introduces the subject of the description to the audience. It can give the audience brief details about when, where, who or what of the subject. 2 A series of paragraphs about the subject Each paragraph usually begins with a topic sentence The topic sentence previews the details that will be contained in the remainder of the paragraph. Each paragraph should describe one feature of the subject. These paragraphs build the description of the subject. 3 A concluding paragraph (optional) The concluding paragraph signals the end of the text.

FACTUAL DESCRIPTION
MODEL OF a FACTUAL DESCRIPTION
Structures

Deinonychus
The model of Deinonychus, a dinosaur from the Creataceous period, can be found in the Museum of Natural Science. Deinonychus is small by dinosaur standards. It is about 2.5 metres in length and stands about one metre high at the shoulder. This reptile has a long tail, spindly legs and slender neck. The head is large and the jaws are lined with sharp teeth. The tail, approximately 3 metres in length, has vertebrae surrounded by bundles of bony rods so the whole tail can be held stiff. The toes of the Deinonychus are unusual. The first toe is small and points backwards. The second toe has a huge sickleshaped claw and is raised. The third and fourth toes are in the normal position. Deinonychus is an interesting example of a fast-running dinosaur.

Grammatical features TIMELESS PRESENT TENSE

OPENING STATEMENT INTRODUCING THE SUBJECT

ADJECTIVES

SERIES OF PARAGRAPHS DESCRIBING THE SUBJECT

TOPIC SENTENCES

CONCLUSION

RECOUNT
What is A RECOUNT?
A recount is a piece of text that retells past events, usually in the order in which they occurred. Its purpose is to provide the audience with a description of what occurred and when it occurred.

Examples of recount texts include: eyewitness account newspaper reports letters conversations television interviews speeches

RECOUNT
Features of A RECOUNT
Constructing a recount
A recount text usually has three main sections. The first paragraph gives background information about who, what, where, and when (called an orientation). This is followed by a series of paragraphs that retell the events in the order in which they happened. Some recounts have a concluding paragraph, however this is not always necessary.

Grammatical features of a recount

Recounts usually include the following grammatical features: proper nouns to identify those involved in the text descriptive words to give details about who, what, when, where and how the use of the past tense to retell the events words that show the order of the events (for example, first, next, then).

RECOUNT
The RECOUNT scaffold

Step 1
Introductory paragraph that tells who, what, where, and when.

Step 2
A sequence of events in the order in which they occurred.

Step 3 (optional)
A conclusion

RECOUNT
MODEL OF A RECOUNT
Structures

A Postcard
Dear Nan,

Grammatical features
PROPER NOUNS

INTRODUCTION THAT PROVIDES ORIENTATION

We are having a great holiday here on the Gold Coast. Yesterday we went to Movie World. When we got up in the morning, it looked like rain. After a while the clouds disappeared and it became a sunny day. We then decided to go to Movie World.

SEQUENCE OF EVENTS THAT RETELLS THE EVENTS IN THE ORDER THEY OCCURRED

WORDS SHOWING THE ORDER OF EVENTS

The first ride I went on was Lethal Weapon. Next I saw the Police Academy show. After that I had lunch as I was really hungry. Meanwhile, Mum and Kelly queued for the Batman ride. About one oclock we got a light shower of rain but it cleared up soon after. We then went on all the other rides followed by the studio tour.

PAT TENSE

PROPER NOUNS CONCLUSION

It was a top day. See you when we get back. Love Sam

NARRATIVE
What is a narrative?
A narrative is a text that tells a story and, in doing so, entertains the audience. The purpose of a narrative, other than providing entertainment, can be to make the audience think about an issue, teach them a lesson, or excite their emotions.

Written narratives often take the form of novels. The story is usually told by a narrator. If the narrator is one of the characters in the story, the story is said to be told in the first person. If a person outside the story is the narrator, then the story is being told in the third person.
Examples of narrative texts include: myths fairytales Aboriginal dreaming stories science fiction historical fiction romance novels

NARRATIVE
Features of a narrative
Constructing a narrative
The steps for constructing a narrative text are: an orientation in which the narrator tells the audience about WHO is in the story, WHEN the story is taking place and WHERE the action is happening a complication that sets off a chain of events that influences what will happen in the story A sequence of events where the characters react to the complication A resolution in which the characters solve the problem created in the complication a coda that provides a comment or moral based on what has been learned from the story (an optional step).

Grammatical features of a narrative

Narratives usually include the following grammatical features: nouns that identify the specific characters and places in the story adjectives that provide accurate descriptions of the characters and settings verbs that show the actions that occur in the story time words that connect events, telling when they occurred.

NARRATIVE
The narrative scaffold 1. Orientation
In this paragraph the narrator tells the audience who is in the story, when it is happening, where it is happening and what is going on.

2. Complication
This is the part of the story where the narrator tells about something that will begin a chain of events. These events will affect one or more of the characters. The complication is the trigger.

3. Sequence of events
This is where the narrator tells how the characters react to the complication. It includes their feelings and what they do. The events can be told in chronological order (the order in which they happen) or with flashbacks. The audience is given the narrators point of view.

4. Resolution
In this part of the narrative the complication is sorted out or the problem is solved

5. Coda
The narrator includes a coda if there is a moral or message to be learned from the story.

NARRATIVE
MODEL OF A NARRATIVE
Structures

The Drovers Wife

(adapted from a short story by Henry Lawson) The two-roomed house is built of round timber, slabs and stringy-bark and floored with split slabs. Bush all round-bush with no horizon, for the country is flat. The drover, an ex-squatter, is away with sheep. His wife and children are left here alone. Four ragged, dried-up looking children are playing about the house. Suddenly one of them yells Snake! Mother, heres a snake! It is near sunset, and she knows the snake is there. She makes up beds for the children and sits down beside them to keep watch all night. She has an eye on the corner and a green sapling club ready by her side. Alligator, the dog, lies nearby. It must be one or two oclock in the morning. The bush woman watches and listens, thinking about her life alone whilst her husband is gone. It must be near daylight now. The hairs on Alligators neck begin to bristle. Between a crack in the slabs an evil pair of small, bead-like eyes glisten. The snake-a black one-comes slowly out. Alligator springs. He has the snake now. Thud, thud as the woman strikes at the snake. The dog shakes and shakes the black snake. The snakes back is broken. Thud, thud is head is crushed. She lifts the mangled reptile and throws it on the fire. The eldest boy watches it burn and looks at his mother, seeing tears in her eyes. He throws his arms around her and exclaims, Mother, I wont never go droving; blarst me if I do!

Grammatical features
SPECIFIC CHARACTERS

ORIENTATION TELLING WHO AND WHERE

COMPLICATION THAT TRIGGERS A SERIES OF EVENTS SEQUENCE OF EVENTS WHERE THE CHARACTERS REACT TO THE COMPLICATION RESOLUTION IN WHICH THE PROBLEM FROM THE COMPLICATION IS SOLVED CODA THAT GIVES THE MORAL TO THE STORY

ADJECTIVES PROVIDING DESCRIPTION USE OF TIME WORDS TO CONNECT EVENTS

VERBS SHOWING ACTIONS

ADJECTIVES SHOWING DESCRIPTIONS

PROCEDURE
What is A PROCEDURE?
A procedure is a piece of text that tells how to do something. Its purpose is to provide instructions for making something, doing something or getting somewhere. Examples of procedure texts include: recipes itineraries instruction manuals directions

PROCEDURE
Features of A PROCEDURE
Constructing a procedure
A procedure text usually has three sections. There is an introductory statement or title that gives the aim or goal of the procedure, followed by a list of materials that will be needed to complete the procedure. The final section is a sequence of steps, in the order they need to be completed, to achieve this goal. Some procedures have other stages such as explaining why each step is necessary.

Grammatical features of a procedure

Procedure texts usually include the following grammatical features: sentence that begins with verbs and are stated as commands time words or numbers that show the order for carrying out the procedure adverbs to describe how the action should be performed precise terms and technical language.

PROCEDURE
The PROCEDURE scaffold
1 An introductory statement giving the aim or goal This may be the title of the text. This may be an introductory paragraph. 2 3 Materials needed for completing the procedure This may be a list. This may be a paragraph. This step may be left out in some procedures. A sequence of steps in the correct order Numbers can be used to show: first, second, third and so on. The order is usually important. Words such as now, next and after this can be used. The steps usually begin with a command such as add, stir, or push.

PROCEDURE
Models of a procedure
Structures

Anzac biscuits
You will need:

GOAL

LIST OF MATERIALS REQUIRED TO COMPLETE THE PROCEDURE

2 cups of rolled oats 1 1 2 cups caster sugar 4 tablespoons golden syrup 2 tablespoons boiling water 1 cup plain flour 250 grams butter 1 teaspoon baking soda

PROCEDURE
Models of a procedure
Structures

SEQUENCE OF STEPS IN THE ORDER THEY NEED TO BE COMPLETED

1 2 3 4 5 6

Turn oven into 160 C. Lightly grease oven tray. Mix oats, flour and sugar in a large bowl. Melt butter and golden syrup in a pan. Mix baking soda and boiling water in a cup. Add this mixture to melted butter and golden syrup 7 Add this to the oats mixture in the large bowl, mix together well. 8 Roll tablespoonfuls of the mixture into balls. Put on tray 5 cm apart. 9 Press lightly on top of each with a fork. 10 Bake for 20 minutes

Grammatical features
SENTENCES BEGINNING WITH VERBS

SENTENCES WRITTEN AS COMMANDS

PROCEDURE
Models of a procedure
Structures TITLE GIVES GOAL

Grammatical features

How to reduce the risk of heart attack

Today I will tell you how to reduce the risk of having a heart attack. Firstly, be a non-smoker. Secondly, see your doctor regularly for tests to check your cholesterol levels. Thirdly, eat a low-fat diet and keep to a healthy weight. Finally, exercise regularly.

ADVERBS SHOWING ORDER

SENTENCES WRITTEN AS COMMANDS

SEQUENCE OF STEPS TO ACIEVE THE GOAL

NEWS ITEM
News item is a text which informs readers about events of the day. The events are considered newsworthy or important. Purpose: to inform readers about events of the day which are considered newsworthy or important

Dominant Language Features: 1. Short, telegraphic information about story captured in headline 2. Using action verbs 3. Using saying verbs 4. Using adverbs : time, place and manner. Generic Structure of News Item 1. Main event 2. Elaboration (background, participant, time, place) 3. Resource of information

TOWN CONTAMINATED
Moscow A Russian journalist has uncovered evidence of another Soviet nuclear catastrophe, which killed 10 sailors and contaminated an entire town. Yelena Vazrshavskya is the first journalist to speak to people who witnessed the explosion of a nuclear submarine at the naval base of Shkotovo 22 near Vladivostock. The accident, which occurred 13 months before the Chernobyl disaster, spread radioactive fallout over the base and nearby town, but was covered up by officials of the Soviet Union. Residents were told the explosion in the reactor of the Victor-class submarine during a refit had been a thermal and not a nuclear explosion. And those involved in the clean up operation to remove more than 600 tones of contaminated material were sworn to secrecy. A board of investigators was later to describe it as the worst accident in the history of the Soviet Navy.
Main Event

Background events

Source

REVIEW TEXT
A review is a text that gives a persons response (judgement, opinion, reaction) to another text such as a book, film or poem. The purpose is to describe the artistic work and provide a judgement about it.
Examples of review texts include: book reviews theatre reviews movie reviews CD reviews Grammatical features of a review text: the use of present tense adjectives to describe the text words that express the writers judgements and attitudes.

Generic Structure:
1. A paragraph introducing the text being judged This section should contain information on the title of the text being judged, the name of the person who constructed it (the author/artist), when it was constructed and a brief summary of the work. 2. A description of the text This section gives details about the main features of the text and a summary on what happens in it. There can be one or more paragraphs in this section of the response. 3 A judgement of the text This section gives a judgement of the text by the person writing the response. There may also be some recommendations. This section can be one or more paragraphs.

So Much to Tell You

So Much to Tell You is Australian author John Marsdens powerful novel in diary form about 14-year-old girl who records her thoughts on boarding-school life. It was first published in 1987 by Water McVitty Books and has gone on to become one of Australias best-selling books. So Much to Tell You appears in sixteen different languages and has won many prizes including the 1988 Book of the Year Award. This absorbing story is written in the first person as a diary. Little by little, the reader learns from the girls past and the events that caused her to withdraw into herself. Simultaneously, she tells of day-to-day life at boarding school and the people around her. This is a wonderful novel, full of powerful emotions and written in a fresh, original style. Although most suitable for teenage readers, adults will also find So Much to Tell You an intelligent, stunning piece of work.

Introduction, giving title of the work, author and context.

A description of the text

Judgement and recommend -ation

HORTATORY EXPOSITION
Purpose : to persuade the readers or listeners that something should or should not be the case. Text Organization A thesis Arguments Recommendation Language Features: The use of emotive words (e.g. worried, alarmed etc) The use of words that qualify statements (e.g. usual, probably etc) The use of words that link arguments (e.g. firstly, However, therefore etc) The use of compound and complex sentence The use of modals and adverbs (e.g. may, must, should, etc) The use of subjective opinions using pronouns I and we

Corruption
Do you know what the meaning of corruption is? What is the relation between money and corruption? Well, corruption is common everywhere in the world, even in the United States. Its just a matter of intensity. However, it is quite shocking when one reliable survey claims Jakarta as the most corrupt place in Indonesia. The survey has made me sad, actually, because I stay and earn a living here in the capital. As most people know, Tanjung Priok port smuggling is not a new thing at all. Entrepreneurs who want to minimize their tax payments tend to do such a thing more often. They even bribe the officials. Well, I think the measures taken so far to overcome the problem by punishing the corruptors is still not far enough. We have to prevent the younger generations from getting a bad mentality caused by corruption. I believe we should start at the earliest stages in school and I think everyone should be involved in the effort to eradicate corruption. We must not make any distinction.

ANALYTICAL EXPOSITION
Definition of Analytical Exposition
Exposition is a text that elaborates the writers idea about the phenomenon surrounding. Its social function is to persuade the reader that the idea is important matter.

Generic Structure of Analytical Exposition

1. Thesis: Introducing the topic and indicating the writers position 2. Arguments: Explaining the arguments to support the writers position 3. Reiteration: Restating the writers position

The Power of Music in Our Life

Do you agree that music is important in our life? Yes I do, music has certain role completing our day to day activities. Here are some reasons why music is heard everywhere and anywhere. Music is a way to express feelings. When we fall in love, the kind of music wed listen to would be all about love. When were sad, we would go for music that is melancholic in nature and immerse ourselves in the sadness. When were happy, wed choose songs with happy tunes too. Song can help to memorize the last experiences. A favorite song is a powerful documentary. People with Alzheimer which are impaired the brain would remember details about songs they were familiar with. For example, an elderly woman who couldnt even remember her husbands name would remember the details of her favorite song; when it was played, how it made her feel and things about the song that made it especially memorable for her. Further, music can unite people for a cause and changes the world. A song with good lyric and striking deep chord can stimulate the universal feeling of all people. We can see it in the case of the famous and legendary Michael Jacson's Heal the World. It can arouse humanism of a lot people in this world. So what would the world be like without music? It would be lonely

SPOOF
Spoof is a text which tells factual story, happened in the past time with unpredictable and funny ending. Its social function is to entertain and share the story. Generic Structure of Spoof 1. Orientation 2. Events 3. Twist: the unpredictable thing in the end of story which is often funny. Language Feature of Spoof 1. Focusing on people, animals or certain things 2. Using action verb; ate, ran, etc 3. Using adverb of time and place 4. Told in chronological order

PENGUIN IN THE PARK

Once a man was walking in a park when he across a penguin. He took it to a policeman and said; "What should I do?" The policeman replied; "Take it to the zoo!". The next day, the policeman saw the man in the same park. The man was still carrying the penguin. The policeman was rather surprised and walked up to the man and asked, "Why are you still carrying the penguin? Didn't you take it to the zoo? The man replied; "I certainly did. And it was a great idea because the penguin really enjoyed it. So, today I am taking it to the movie".

EXPLANATION
What is AN EXPLANATION ?
An explanation tells how or why something occurs. Explanations can be spoken or written and their purpose is to tell each step of the process (the how) and to give reasons (the why) for it. Examples of explanations texts include: how something occurs why something happened why things are alike or different how to solve a problem

EXPLANATION
Features of AN EXPLANATION
Constructing an explanation
A written explanation usually involves three steps. First, there is the general statement about the event or thing. Next follows a series of paragraphs that tell the hows and whys. The final step is a concluding paragraph.

Grammatical features of an explanation

Explanations usually include the following grammatical features: technical language words that show cause and effect use of timeless present tense

EXPLANATION
The EXPLANATION scaffold

1
2 3

Description in the introductory paragraph A sequence of sentences that tell how or why A conclusion

EXPLANATIONS
MODEL OF AN EXPLANATION
Structures QUESTION HEADING Grammatical features

What causes food poisoning

Food poisoning is a disorder of the stomach and intestines caused by bacteria or chemical in foods. The classic form of food poisoning is caused by staphylococci (bacteria commonly known as staph). The staph germs enter the food during preparation. As a result of the food not properly refrigerated the bacteria multiply hourly, contaminating the food with toxin (poison). As staph germs and their toxins are odourless and tasteless the contaminated food smells and tastes normal. Eating contaminated food causes vomiting, abdominal cramps and diarrhoea within one to six hours. Thus, food poisoning is frequently caused by staphylococci, which contaminate food during preparation and enter the stomach and intestines during eating.
USE OF TECHNICAL TERMS

INTRODUCTION DECRIBING SUBJECT

EXPLANATION SEQUENCE

WORDS SHOWING HOW AND WHY

TIMELESS PRESENT TENSE

CONCLUSION

GENERIC TERMS

DISCUSSION
What is A DISCUSSION?
A discussion text type gives the for and against, the positive and negative, or the good and bad points. A discussion can be in oral or written form. The purpose of a discussion is to present to the audiences different opinions on a topic and, at the end, your opinion. Examples of discussion texts include: talkback radio debates current affairs interviews letters to the editor essays newspaper articles

DISCUSSION
Features of a DISCUSSION
Constructing a discussion
A typical discussion text has an introductory paragraph that has a statement about the topic followed by a series of paragraphs that give evidence, opinions or arguments for and against the topic. The end of the discussion text is signalled by a conclusion that gives a final point of view, either for or against the topic.

Grammatical features of a dramatic text

Discussions usually include the following grammatical features: the use of generic terms related to the topic words that show a comparison or a contrast words that link arguments.

DISCUSSION
The DISCUSSIOn scaffold
Step 1 An opening paragraph that introduces the topic being discussed. It can contain a question about the topic. It can state the view of the author of the text. Step 2 Argument or point of view for, with supporting evidence or elaboration (more details). Another argument for, with supporting argument or elaboration. Argument or point of view against, with supporting evidence or elaboration. Another argument against, with supporting argument or elaboration. Step 3 A conclusion that sums up the discussion and gives a recommendation or opinion.

MODEL OF a discussion
Structures GENERAL STATEMENT THAT INTRODUCES DISCUSSION

Should Australia become a republic?

Recently, Australians have been debating the possibility of becoming a republic. There are arguments for and against Australia pursuing this course in the twenty-first century. I believe that Australia should become a republic. Republicans see Australia as having moved beyond its British roots and desire change, not only because it is practical, but also symbolic. I believe that Britain is now less important to Australia economically as well as culturally, and that Australia should look at forming stronger links with nations situated in the same region. On the other hand, those opposed to a republic argue that our parliamentary system and other major institutions, such as the law, are based on the British model, which has provided Australia with a stable system of government and they fear that any changes may threaten this stability. It can be seen that there are reasons for and against becoming a republic. After looking at both sides, I still believe that Australia should become a republic.

Grammatical features WORDS TO LINK ARGUMENTS

ARGUMENTS FOR

PHRASE INTRODUCES ANOTHER POINT OF VIEW

ARGUMENTS AGAINST

WORDS SHOWING AUTHORS OPINION

CONCLUSION