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+ +
+ +
=
) )( tan (
) )( tan (
ln 2
tan
c i c i f i
c i c i f i
f c i
ji
d d d d L
d d d d L
d E
k
o
o
o t
Figure 15.13 Bolt-and-nut
assembly with conical fustrum
stress representation of joint.
di=dw= dimetro menor del
cono de presin
(
+
+
=
) 5 , 2 577 , 0 (
) 5 , 0 577 , 0 (
5 ln 2
577 , 0
c i
c i
c i
ji
d L
d L
d E
k
t
(
(
+ +
+ +
=
) )( tan (
) )( tan (
ln 2
tan
c i c i f i
c i c i f i
f c i
ji
d d d d L
d d d d L
d E
k
o
o
o t
Simplificacin tal que el dimetro de la cara de arandela es
aproximadamente 50% mayor que el dimetro de la espiga
del sujetador en el caso de tornillos de maquinaria y pernos
con cabeza hexagonal de tipo estandar
(dw=1,5dc y =30)
Constants for Joint Stiffness Formula
Poiss ons
Modulus of
Elasticity, E, Numerical Constants
Material ratio, v GPa A
i
B
i
Steel
Aluminum
Copper
Gray cast iron
0. 291
0. 334
0. 326
0. 211
206. 8
71.0
118. 6
100. 0
0. 78715
0. 79670
0. 79568
0. 77871
0.62873
0.63816
0.63553
0.61616
Table 15.3 Constants used in joint stiffness formula [Eq. (15.26)] [From
Wileman et al (1991)]
Text Reference: Table 15.3, page 684
) (
, i
c i
L
d B
i
i i
i m
e A
d E
k
=
Gasketed Joint
6 3 s s
Nd
D
b
t
Figure 15.17 Threaded fastener with unconfined
gasket and two other members.
Text Reference: Figure 15.17, page 694
6 3 s s
Nd
D
b
t
(
(
+ +
+ +
=
) )( tan (
) )( tan (
ln 2
tan
c i c i f i
c i c i f i
f c i
ji
d d d d L
d d d d L
d E
k
o
o
o t
) (
, i
c i
L
d B
i
i i
i m
e A
d E
k
=
Strength of Bolts (Inches)
SAE grade
Range of
cres t
diameters,
in.
Ultimate
tensile
s trength, S
ut
,
ksi
Yield
strength, S
y
,
ksi
Proof
s trength, S
p
,
ks i
1
2
4
5
7
8
1/4 - 1 1/2
1/4 - 3/4
3/4-1 1/2
1/4 - 1 1/2
1/4 - 1
1 - 1 1/2
1/4 - 1 1/2
1/4 - 1 1/2
60
74
60
115
120
105
133
150
36
57
36
100
92
81
115
130
33
55
33
65
85
74
105
120
Table 15.4
Strength of steel bolts for various sizes in inches.
Text Reference: Table 15.4, page 687
Strength of Bolts (Millimeters)
Table 15.5
Strength of steel bolts for various sizes in millimeters.
Text Reference: Table 15.5, page 687
Metric grade
Crest
di ameter, d
c
,
mm
Ultimate
tensile
strength, S
ut
,
MPa
Yi eld
strength, S
y
,
MPa
Proof
strength, S
p
,
MPa
4.6
4.8
5.8
8.8
9.8
10.9
12.9
M5-M36
M1.6-M16
M5-M24
M17-M36
M1.6-M16
M6-M36
M1.6-M36
400
420
520
830
900
1040
1220
240
340
a
415
a
660
720
a
940
1100
225
310
380
600
650
830
970
aYield strength approximate and not included in standard.
Coarse and Fine Thread Dimensions
Coarse Threads (UNC) Fine Threads (UNF)
Crest
diameter,
d
c
, in.
Number of
threads per
inch, n
Tensile
stress area,
A
t
, in.
2
Number of
threads per
inch, n
Tensile
stress area,
A
t
, in.
2
0. 0600
0. 0730
0. 0860
0. 0990
0. 1120
0. 1250
0. 1380
0. 1640
0. 1900
0. 2160
0. 3500
0. 3125
0. 3750
0. 4735
0. 5000
0. 5625
0. 6250
0. 7500
0. 8750
1. 000
1. 125
1. 250
1. 375
1. 500
1. 750
2. 000
-
64
56
48
40
40
32
32
24
24
20
18
16
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
7
7
6
6
5
4 1/2
-
0. 00263
0. 00370
0. 00487
0. 00604
0. 00796
0. 00909
0. 0140
0. 0175
0. 0242
0. 0318
0. 0524
0. 0775
0. 1063
0. 1419
0. 182
0. 226
0. 334
0. 462
0. 606
0. 763
0. 969
1. 155
1. 405
1. 90
2. 50
80
72
64
56
48
44
40
36
32
28
28
24
24
20
20
18
18
16
14
12
12
12
12
12
-
-
0. 00180
0. 00278
0. 00394
0. 00523
0. 00661
0. 00830
0. 01015
0. 01474
0. 0200
0. 0258
0. 0364
0. 0580
0. 0878
0. 1187
0. 1599
0. 203
0. 256
0. 373
0. 509
0. 663
0. 856
1. 073
1. 315
1. 581
-
-
Table 15.6 Dimensions
and tensile stress areas for
UN coarse and fine
threads.
Text Reference: Table 15.6, page 687
Coarse and Fine Thread Dimensions - Metric
Table 15.7 Dimensions
and tensile stress areas for
metric coarse and fine
threads.
Text Reference: Table 15.7, page 69
Coarse Threads (MC) Fine Threads (MF)
Crest
diameter,
d
c
, mm
Pitch, p,
mm
Tensile
stress area,
A
t
, mm
2
Pitch, p,
mm
Tensile
stress area,
A
t
, mm
2
1
1. 6
2
2. 5
3
4
5
6
8
10
12
16
20
24
30
36
42
48
0. 25
0. 35
0. 4
0. 45
0. 5
0. 7
0. 8
1
1. 25
1. 5
1. 75
2
2. 5
3
3. 5
4
4. 5
5
0. 460
1. 27
2. 07
3. 39
5. 03
8. 78
14. 2
20. 1
36. 6
58. 0
84. 3
157
245
353
561
817
1121
1473
-
0. 20
. 25
. 35
. 35
. 5
. 5
. 75
1
1. 25
1. 25
1. 5
1. 5
2
2
3
-
-
-
1. 57
2. 45
3. 70
5. 61
9. 79
16. 1
22
39. 2
61. 2
92. 1
167
272
384
621
865
-
-
Ejercicio Cilindro hidralico
Un cilindro hidrulico de do=150mm y e=2mm sometido a Pi= 250 Kg/cm2 se ha de disear con
n=1(mnimo). Se embridan las piezas de acero, con una junta elstica. Determinar: tornillo a
colocar, calidad, pretensado considerando un 5% de relajacin y espesor de juntas. Atornillos=7%
At,junta
Roscas finas MF
Mtrica
rea
esfuerzo,
mm2
Material
disponible:
calidades
10 61.2 5.8,8.8, 9.8 y
10.9
12 92.1 L= 4 mm
16 167 0.5-1-2-3-4
20 272 Junta de
Cobre
Separation of Joint
Figure 15.15
Separation of joint.
Text Reference: Figure 15.15, page 690
Pretensado
Unin permanente: 0,9Fp
Unin desmontable: 0,75Fp
Fp, carga lmite
Cyclic Load
Figure 15.16 Forces versus deflection of bolt and joint as function of
time.
Text Reference: Figure 15.16, page 691
Cyclic Load
m a
y
e
u
i u
a
e
a
u m i m a
e a
a
a
S
n f luencia a
S
S
S
S
S
S
S S Goodman S S
P S AD
S
n
o o
o
o
o
+
=
+
=
= + =
= = =
/ _ _
1
) 1 ( :
0 / /
min ,
Grfica Lneas/puntos
L de carga: (s
i
,0) (sm sa)
L de rendimiento: (Sy,0) (0, Sy)
L de Goodman: (Se,0) (0, Su)
Factor Concentracin Fatiga
SAE grade
Metric
grade
Rolled
threads
Cut
threads
Fillet
0-2
4-8
3. 6-5. 8
6. 6-10. 9
2. 2
3. 0
2. 8
3. 8
2. 1
2. 3
Factor de concentracin de esfuerzos, incluye el factor
acabado superficial
Text Reference: Table 15.8, page 692
Kb y Kc,axial=1
Ejercicio Fatiga
Disear la junta atornillada que se situara al extremo de un recipiente tal que su
presin varia de 75 a 150 kg/cm2.
a) Pi y n, tal que a 160kg/cm2 acte como vlvula (suponiendo que no hay
fatiga).
b) causa de rotura con el Pi y tornillo anterior.
c) Dimetro de tornillo para evitar fatiga y n fatiga.
Datos: k1=0,153.Tornillo: Calidad 8.8 y 9.8. relajacin 5%.,Nt(15:25)
Failure Modes of Riveted Fasteners
Figure 15.18 Failure modes due to shear loading of riveted fasteners. (a)
Bending of member; (b) shear of rivet; (c) tensile failure of member; (e)
bearing of rivet on member or bearing of member on rivet.
Text Reference: Figure 15.18, page 695
Text Reference: Figure 15.19, page 697
Group of riveted fasteners used in Example 15.9. (a) centroid of rivet group Assembly; (b) radii from
centroid to center of rivets; (c) resulting triangles; (d) direct and torsional shear acting on each rivet; (e)
security beding factor (side view of member). (All dimensions are in inches.)
Example 15.9
A
=5/8
B
=7/8
Text Reference: Figure 15.19, page 697
Text Reference: Figure 15.19, page 697
Cortante debido a la torsin
0 3000 2 25 , 0 75 , 0 0 = + =
B A
P P M
DATOS Un paso para peatones se remacha a un puente de acero como se indica en la figura. La carga
mxima sobre el paso es equivalente a una carga de 3 000 N, localizada a 2 m del costado del puente de
acero por cada par de remaches. Se supone un factor de seguridad de 5.
HALLAR: El dimetro del remache que se necesita si los remaches estan hechos de acero AISI 1040.
Text Reference: Figure 15.20, page 699
25 , 0 75 , 0
B A
P P
=
Nota: las fuerzas de tensin
que actan sobre los dos
remaches son proporcionales a
la distancia desde el extremo
inferior de la mnsula
Cylinder End Cap Section
Figure 15.28 End cap of hydraulic cylinder for baler application.
Text Reference: Figure 15.28, page 717