Sewage Disposal Systems, Treatments and Recycling

AR020 BALOY, Allana SALAZAR, Maricel TAMI-ING, Ariane

Definition of terms
Drain - channel or pipe carrying off surplus liquid, esp. rainwater or liquid waste. Effluent liquid discharge French drain - long narrow soakage trench filled with graded stones in such a manner as to provide a solidly formed fitting which will not subside and yet provide the maximum of leaking (per colation) into the surrounding soil Scum non-soluble organic matter that floats on the surface of the sewage Septic tank - a watertight, underground container used for receiving, treating, and settling human waste. Sludge organic matter that settles at the base of the septic tank Soil pipe - drainpipe that carries off wastes from a plumbing fixture, especially from a toilet. Trap - catches water after each discharge from a fixture so as not to allow unpleasant and obnoxious gases in a sanitary drainage system to escape through the fixture Treatment plant - help break down and treat waste.

 SEWAGE DISPOSAL SEWAGE TREATMENT SEWAGE RECYCLING

SEWAGE DISPOSAL
the process of transporting sewage through cities and other inhabited areas to sewage treatment plants to protect public health and prevent disease. Sewage is treated to control water pollution before discharge to surface waters.

Sewage disposal system

1. Rain water from streets, roofs of buildings, and other more or less impervious areas 2. Waste water : including industrial waste from factories, laundries, breweries 3. Water closet system

Principles Of Sanitation
Waste materials like sewage should be removed as early as possible Sewage after collection should be treated within four hours. Effluent should be disposed of immediately Building should be damp proof Water supply should be regular & sufficient so that the lavatories may be done properly

Ways to dispose wastewater:

Dumping of treated effluent into underground Incineration - dumping of effluent into seas. Agriculture - using treated sludge as manure. Reuse reclaimed water.

 Ways to dispose: 1. Dumping of treated effluent into underground 2.Incineration: Dumping of effluent into seas. 3.Agriculture: Using treated sludge as manure. 4.Reuse reclaimed water. PURPOSE OF SEWAGE DISPOSAL - To conserve water sources. - To prevent contamination drinking supplies. -To help promote health and comfortable living. - To prevent the contamination of surface water use for bathing and other resourceful sources.

Essential components of sewerage system

Drain- plumbing fixture that provides an exit point for waste water or water that is to be re-circulated. Man hole- The opening or hole through which a man can enter the sewer line or other closed structure for inspection and cleaning Pumping Station- plumbing fixture that includes pumps and equipments for pumping fluids. Supplies water to remove sewage from processing site.

On-site
On-site disposal systems All the liquid waste from the toilet, bathroom, laundry and sink goes into pipes which carry it to a septic tank. The effluent from the tank is then disposed of through effluent disposal drains often referred to as leach or French drains. Both of these methods of disposing of liquid waste are onsite disposal systems. They must be installed and maintained properly. In these systems, the effluent is soaked into the surrounding soil. Some soils don't allow good soakage such as clay or similar soils; if there are any problems with this disposal system a local government EHO should be consulted to talk about the problem. On-site disposal systems cannot be installed in all situations. For example, they cannot be installed: in areas that flood regularly in areas that have a high water table (that is, where the underground water is close to the surface) where the amount of wastewater to be disposed of is large near to drinking water supplies

effluent
Effluent (wastewater) disposal system In this method the effluent from the community is carried by large pipes to the lagoon. These pipes serve all the houses and other buildings in the community. The sewage may be either be treated in septic tanks at the houses or buildings or at the lagoon. There are no leach or French drains.

Full sewage
Full sewage system All the sewage from the toilet, shower, laundry and other areas enters waste and sewer pipes directly and is pumped to a lagoon. There are three types of full sewage system:

The sewage enters the lagoon without treatment

The sewage goes through a series of cutting blades which help break up the solid matter before it enters the lagoon. These blades are called macerators.

The sewage may be treated in a large septic tank just before it enters the lagoon.

SEWAGE TREATMENT
Sewage treatment is the process of removing contaminants from wastewater and household sewage, both runoff, domestic, commercial and institutional. It includes physical, chemical, and biological processes to remove physical, chemical and biological contaminants. Its objective is to produce an environmentally safe fluid waste stream (or treated effluent) and a solid waste (or treated sludge) suitable for disposal or reuse (usually as farm fertilizer).

 Types of On-site Sewage Facility: a.) Cesspool- a hole in the ground curbed with stones, bricks, concrete hallow blocks. b.) Privy- is a concrete sealed vault with a wooden shelter constructed for the collection of raw sewage. c.) Septic Tank- a device or receptacle used to expedite the decomposition of the elements contained in a raw sewage waste. d.) Public Sewer Line- a public sewage system, operated and maintained by the government consisting of a sewage treatment plant that conveys the raw sewage from buildings and houses to a disposal system.

Sewage treatment

1.

Septic and imhoff treatment system

consists of two major parts,
A septic tank, or a treatment plant and; A dispersal area - usually a series of underground pipes or chambers that evenly distribute the partially treated liquid into the ground for final treatment.

Is a 2 storied sludge digestion tank invented by German scientist Mr. Karl Imhoff

2.

Waste Water Treatment Plant

includes physical, chemical, and biological processes to remove physical, chemical and biological contaminants industrial structure designed to remove biological or chemical waste products from water, thereby permitting the treated water to be used for other purposes.

Waste water treatment plant

Preliminary Treatment - removes large objects and non-degradable materials.
Protects pumps and equipment from damage Consists of following:

Bar Screen catches large objects that have gotten into sewer system such as bricks, bottles, pieces of wood, etc. Grit Chamber removes rocks, gravel, broken glass, etc Mesh Screen removes diapers, combs, towels, plastic bags, syringes, etc

Primary Treatment - it is a physical process also known as sedimentation stage.

Primary treatment consists of temporarily holding the sewage in a quiescent basin where heavy solids can settle to the bottom while oil, grease and lighter solids float to the surface. The settled and floating materials are removed and the remaining liquid may be discharged or subjected to secondary treatment.

Secondary Treatment - designed to substantially degrade the biological content of the sewage which are derived from human waste, food waste, soaps and detergent.
Secondary treatment removes dissolved and suspended biological matter. Secondary treatment is typically performed by indigenous, waterborne micro-organisms in a managed habitat. Secondary treatment may require a separation process to remove the micro-organisms from the treated water prior to discharge or tertiary treatment.

Tertiary Treatment - the purpose of tertiary treatment is to provide a final treatment stage to further improve the effluent quality before it is discharged to the receiving environment. More than one tertiary treatment process may be used at any treatment plant. If disinfection is practiced, it is always the final process. It is also called "effluent polishing."

STORM WATER HARVESTING

Storm water typically requires less treatment than graywater for toilet and urinal flushing and for irrigation. Storm water harvesting is becoming an economical alternative in some areas. Treatment options may be similar to graywater for plumbing systems. Water shortages, government subsidies, tax incentives, the facility limitations of local governments, and population growth will be the primary motivators for designers and project engineers to consider reuse or storm water harvesting system selections in their designs.

SEWAGE RECYCLING
-Fire Fighting System -Car wash -Irrigation -Industries -Flushing -Road wash