The Culture of Healthcare

The Culture of Healthcare
Health Professionals The People

in Healthcare
Lecture a
This material (Comp2_Unit2a) was developed by Oregon Health and Science University, funded by the
Department of Health and Human Services, Office of the National Coordinator for Health Information
Technology under Award Number IU24OC000015.

in Healthcare
Learning Objectives
Define terms used in healthcare including clinician, patient, disease, and
syndrome and in health professionals education and training. (Lecture a)
Describe the education, training, certification, licensure and roles of
physicians including those in primary care and other specialties. (Lecture a)
Describe the education, training, certification, licensure and roles of nurses,
advanced practice nurses, LPNs, MAs and Medication Aids. (Lecture b)
physician assistants, pharmacists, therapists, allied health professionals.
(Lecture c)
paramedics, EMTs, dental professionals, mental health professionals, and
social workers. (Lecture c)
2
Health IT Workforce Curriculum
Version 3.0/Spring 2012
Health Professionals The People in Healthcare
Lecture a
Terminology
(Merriam-Webster Medical Dictionary - Medline Plus, 2010)
Health Professional: Many professions provide
care to the sick and injured, this includes pre-
hospital, hospital, outpatient, home and
extended care.
Patient: Anyone who seeks medical services

3
Lecture a
Terminology (continued)
Clinician: an individual qualified in the clinical
practice of medicine, psychiatry, or psychology
as distinguished from one specializing in
laboratory or research techniques or in theory

4
Lecture a
Disease: an impairment of a specific structure or
function of the body which produces symptoms
and physical findings. Usually attributable to a
specific cause such as bacterial causing
pneumonia.
Syndrome: A combination of symptoms and
physical findings not easily attributable to a
specific cause. An example is Carpal Tunnel
Syndrome which is pain, burning and numbness
in the hand.

5
Lecture a
Education
Formal lecture and learning activities including
simulation and patient contact
Depending on the health profession may be on the
job training, a certificate, associate degree,
bachelors degree, Masters Degree, or Doctoral
Degree
Training
Supervised clinical practice. Often has
increasing level of responsibility with time

6
Lecture a
Certification has several meanings
Education/Training Certificate program usually one
year, e.g.. Medical Assistant
Certification by a national health profession
organization usually requires completion of an
accredited program and an exam, e.g. Radiologic
Technologist. Physicians are considered Board
Certified in a specialty or subspecialty by completion
of an approved residency/fellowship and a board
exam.
Same states use certification as mechanism
regulated clinical practice

7
Lecture a
Physician
Figure 2.1 (Hickman, 2010) Used with Permission.
8
Lecture a
Physician
Certification
Completion of an approved residency or fellowship
program
Must have a valid licenses to practice
Must complete a written and/or practical exam in that
specialty or subspecialty
Maintenance of Certification
Licensure
State
Reciprocity

9
Lecture a
Primary Care Specialties
Family Medicine
Internal Medicine
Pediatrics
Obstetrics
Primary Care Delivered by Default
Emergency Medicine
Specialties
10
Lecture a
Common Internal Medicine
Specialties and Subspecialties
Cardiovascular Disease
Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism
Gastroenterology
Geriatric Medicine
Hematology and Oncology
Infectious Disease
Nephrology
Pulmonary Disease and Critical Care Medicine
Rheumatology
11
Lecture a
Surgical Subspecialties
Cardiovascular Surgery
Colon and Rectal Surgery
Neurosurgery
Orthopedic Surgery
Otolaryngology
Pediatric Surgery
Plastic Surgery
Urology
12
Lecture a
Other Specialties
Radiology
Diagnostic
Neuroradiology
Interventional
Pediatric
Radiation Oncology
Nuclear Radiology
13
Lecture a
Pathology
Blood Banking/Transfusion Medicine
Cytopathology
Forensic Pathology
Laboratory Medicine
Pediatric Pathology
14
Lecture a
Non-Clinical Roles of Physicians
Administration
Teaching
Research
Public Health
Health and Biomedical Informatics
Publishing
15
Lecture a
in Healthcare
Summary Lecture a
Some useful healthcare terminology was
explained
Education, Training, Certification and Licensure
of Physicians was described
Primary care roles of Physicians was described
We examined some of specialty, subspecialty
and non-clinical roles of Physicians
16
Lecture a
in Healthcare
References Lecture a
References
Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education. (2010). Number of accredited programs for the current academic
year (2010-2011). Retrieved from http://www.acgme.org/adspublic/reports/accredited_programs.asp
American Board of Medical Specialties. (2010). How a physician becomes board certified. Retrieved from
http://www.abms.org/Who_We_Help/Consumers/process.aspx
American Medical Association. (2010). Health professions. Retrieved from http://www.ama-
assn.org/ama/pub/education-careers/careers-health-care.shtml
American Medical Association. (2010).Careers in healthcare Retrieved from http://www.ama-
assn.org/ama/pub/education-careers/careers-health-care/directory.shtml
American Medical Association. (2010). Health professions associations. Retrieved from http://www.ama-
assn.org/ama/pub/education-careers/careers-health-care/health-professions-associations.shtml
American Medical Association. (2010). Health professions education accrediting agencies. Retrieved
from http://www.ama-assn.org/ama/pub/education-careers/careers-health-care/health-professions-
education.shtml
American Medical Association. (2010). Health care income ranges. Retrieved from http://www.ama-
assn.org/ama/pub/education-careers/careers-health-care/health-care-income.shtml
Explore Healthcareers. (2010). Career explorer. Retrieved from http://www.explorehealthcareers.org/en/index.aspx
Healthcareers in Michgan. (2010). Health careers videos. Retrieved from
http://www.michigan.gov/healthcareers/0,1607,7-221-39742_39457---,00.html
17
Lecture a
in Healthcare
References Lecture a (continued)
Reference (continued)
HRSA: Bureau of Health Professions. (2010). National center for health workforce analysis: health workforce personnel
factbook. Retrieved from http://bhpr.hrsa.gov/healthworkforce/reports/factbook.htm
Medline Plus. (2010). Health occupations. Retrieved from http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/healthoccupations.html
Merriam-Webster Medical Dictionary. (2010) (various terminology definitions) Retrieved from
http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/mplusdictionary.html
National Institutes of Health. (2010). Office of science education lifeworks: explore health and medical science
careers. Retrieved from http://science.education.nih.gov/LifeWorks.nsf/feature/index.htm
careers.. Alphabetical list. Retrieved from http://science.education.nih.gov/LifeWorks.nsf/alpha.htm
careers. Education requirements. Retrieved from http://science.education.nih.gov/LifeWorks.nsf/education.htm
careers. Interest area. Retrieved from http://science.education.nih.gov/LifeWorks.nsf/interestarea.htm
careers. Median salary. Retrieved from http://science.education.nih.gov/LifeWorks.nsf/salary.htm

18
Lecture a
Charts, Tables, Figures
2.1 Figure Hickman, T. (2010) Retrieved from author, Used with Permission.

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Health Professionals The People

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