SOURCES OF

ENVIRONMENTAL
PROBLEMS
SOURCES OF ENVIRONMENTAL
PROBLEMS
1. Population
2. Urbanization
3. Industrialization
4. Technology of Production

POPULATION
Population
refers to human in large numbers.
members of the same species living in the
same area.
total number of humans alive on the planet

POPULATION
POPULATION GROWTH it is expressed
as:
P = P
O
e
rt


Where : P = future population
P
o
= present population
r = growth rate
t = time in years

POPULATION
GROWTH RATE (r):
- is a % increase per year
- increase in number of people per
1000 population per year
r = (b-d) + (i-e)
Where: b = birthrate
d = death rate
i = immigration rate
e = emigration rate





POPULATION
DOUBLING TIME (T
db
) - time necessary
for a population to double in size at
constant r

T
db
= 70/r







POPULATION
WORLDS 20 MOST POPULOUS COUNTRIES : 2011








Rank
Country Population
1 China 1,342,120,000
2 India 1,193,590,000
3 United States of America 311,999,000
4 Indonesia 237,556,363
5 Brazil 190,732,694
6 Pakistan 171,739,000
7 Nigeria 158,259,000
8 Bangladesh 149,983,000
9 Russia 141,927,297
10 Japan 127,370,000
11 Mexico 112,322,757
12 Philippines 94,013,200
13 Vietnam 86,930,000
14 Germany 81,802,000
15 Egypt 79,744,000
16 Ethopia 79,455,634
17 Iran 75,078,000
18 Turkey 73,722,988
19 Dem. Rep. Of Congo 67,827,000
20 Thailand 67,070,000
POPULATION
EFFECTS OF OVER POPULATION:
increased poverty in less developed
countries
rapid deforestation of tropical rainforests
exponential growth in consumption of
resources
exponential growth in the production of
waste and pollutants
traffic problems


URBANIZATION
Urbanization
- refers to a process in which an
increasing proportion of an entire
population lives in cities and the suburbs
of cities.
- resulted from and contributed to
industrialization.

URBANIZATION
URBAN AREA may be defined by the
number of residents, the population
density, the percent of people not
dependent upon agriculture.
URBAN AGGLOMERATIONS are areas
of 1 million population or more.
.






URBANIZATION
MEGACITIES with a population of 10
million or more
METROPOLITAN includes urban areas
and rural areas as well as rural areas that
are socially and economically integrated
with a particular city



URBANIZATION
CITIES ARE UNHEALTHY PLACES
BECAUSE OF:
crowded living conditions
the prevalence of contagious diseases
lack of sanitation



INDUSTRIALIZATION
Industrialization is the overall change in
circumstances accompanying a society's
movement population and resources from
farm production to manufacturing
production and associated services.
- it was started in Great
Britain in 18
th
century.
*The ultimate benefit of Industrial Revolution
for the individual was a higher standard of
living through higher wages.




INDUSTRIALIZATION
MEASURES OF ECONOMIC GROWTH
AND INDUSTRIALIZATION:

Gross National Product (GNP) is the
sum of all personal and government
expenditures on goods and services within
a country, including the value of net
exports.




INDUSTRIALIZATION
MEASURES OF ECONOMIC GROWTH
AND INDUSTRIALIZATION:

Gross Environmental Improvement (GEI)
is a component of GNP that includes the
costs of environmental improvements,
such as many spent on reforestation or
pollution control measures.




INDUSTRIALIZATION

JOHN HARDESTY economist who claims
that in modern technological society
components of the GNP can in some way
be linked to environmental destruction.




INDUSTRIALIZATION

EFFECTS OF INDUSTRIALIZATION:
more demands for products
increased resource consumption
output of more airborne and waterborne
effluents from factories.




TECHNOLOGY OF
PRODUCTION
The new products and the waste from their
production have been quite harmful to the
environment.
The use of pesticides, particularly DDT, to
control insects and thus increase
agricultural production, has had very
serious side effects on wildlife and
humans.




TECHNOLOGY OF
PRODUCTION
Through the concentration of livestock on
small land areas where they are fed
artificial foods to obtain high productivity.
The intensive use of synthetic fertilizer,
particularly nitrogen, has led to high nitrate
levels in surface waters and ground
waters.





TECHNOLOGY OF
PRODUCTION
The production of synthetic organic
chemicals as raw material for synthetic
fibers, pesticides, detergents, plastics and
synthetic rubbers has increased greatly.
The vast increase in automobile.
The emergence of food packaging.
The enormous increase in the production
of electric power has provided a growing
source of air pollutants.