Comp4 Unit1a Lecture Slides

Introduction to Information and
Computer Science

Basic Computing Concepts
Including History
Lecture a
This material (Comp4_Unit1a) was developed by Oregon Health and Science University, funded by the Department of Health and Human
Services, Office of the National Coordinator for Health Information Technology under Award Number IU24OC000015.
Basic Computing Concepts Including History
Learning Objectives
2
Define what a computer is (Lecture a)
Describe different types of computers, including PCs,
mobile devices and embedded computers (Lecture a)
Define the common elements of computer systems
(Lecture a)
Describe the various hardware and software options for
typical desktop, laptop and server systems for home and
business use with a focus on healthcare systems
(Lectures b and c)
Explain the development of computers and the Internet,
including healthcare systems, up until the present time.
(Lecture d and e)
Health IT Workforce Curriculum
Version 3.0/Spring 2012
Introduction to Information and Computer Science
Lecture a
Computer Definition
According to Webster's Dictionary:
one that computes; specifically :
a programmable, usually electronic, device that
can store, retrieve, and process data
Originally term applied to people

3
Lecture a
Man doing computations (EPA, 1973)
Types of Computers
Personal Computers
Desktop computer
Laptop/Notebook/Net
book
Tablets/iPad
Smartphones

4
Lecture a
Android Smartphone
(CC BY-SA 3.0. unnamed, nd.)
MSI laptop computer
(CC BY-SA 3.0. Kristoferb, 2010)
First Generation iPad
(Fleishman, 2010)
Types of Computers
Large Scale Computers
Mainframe
Server
Supercomputer

5
Lecture a
IBM 704 Mainframe (Lawrence Livermore National
Laboratory, nd.)

Columbia Supercomputer (Trower, NASA)

Types of Computers
Embedded Computers
6
Lecture a
(top) A portable DVD player by Philips (Evan-
Amos, 2010)
(bottom) ABS Brakes (Dean, 2007))

Dishwasher (Paes, nd.)
MRI Laboratory of Functional and
Molecular Imaging (NINDS, NIH, nd.)

Computer Components
Hardware
Software

7
Lecture a
Graphic workstation (public domain, nd.)

Computer Hardware
Input Devices
Keyboard
Touch Screen
Mouse
Microphones
Camera
Stylus
Scanners

8
Lecture a

(top) Keyboard (Mrsi, 2010)
(bottom left) PDA (public domain, nd.)
(bottom right) Computer mouse (public domain, nd.)
Computer Hardware
Output Devices
Monitors
Projectors
Printers
Sound Output

9
Lecture a
Output devices: printer and monitor (public
domain, nd.)
Computer Hardware
Motherboard
A motherboard
is a circuit board
Contains
Processor
Memory
Connectors
Expansion
slots
10
Lecture a
Labeled diagram of Acer E360 Socket 939 motherboard (Moxfyre, 2008)
Computer Hardware
Processor
The processor or Central Processing
Unit (CPU) is the "brain" of the
computer
Controls all functions of the computer
Its processing speed is measured in
hertz (Hz)
Current systems run at GHz speeds
(billion machine cycles per second)
Not the only determinant of overall
computer speed
Modern systems have multiple
processors or cores
11
Lecture a
Intel 80486DX CPU
(Dunn, 2005)

Computer Hardware
Memory
Two types
Read Only Memory (ROM): permanent
Random Access Memory (RAM): volatile

RAM is where programs are stored as they
run
Known as primary storage
Can be multiple levels of RAM

Too little memory can slow down computer
12
Lecture a
RAM Memory Modules
(Cyberdex, 2006)

Computer Hardware
Secondary Storage
Secondary storage is
permanent, off chip
storage
Hard drives: internal and
external
Slower than memory
13
Lecture a
Internal view of hard drive
(Garczewski, 2004)
Computer Hardware
Other Storage
Removable storage
Floppy disks
Optical disks
USB Flash drive
14
Lecture a
(top) DVD
(left) Sandisk-brand USB thumb drive, SanDisk Cruzer
Micro, 4GB (Evan-Amos, 2011)
Computer Hardware
Connectors and Ports
Ports are way
to connect
peripheral
devices to
your computer
Universal
serial bus
(USB) port is
very fast

15
Lecture a
Other ports
Video
Audio
Firewire
Ethernet
Modem

USB plug type A (A. Frank, 2005)
Computer Software
Operating System
16
Lecture a
The operating system (OS) coordinates
hardware and software
Computers cannot run without an OS
Allows users to interact with the computer
Manages tasks in the CPU, memory, storage,
peripheral devices, programs, etc.
Examples
Microsoft Windows
Mac OS
Linux

Computer Software
Application Software
Application software are the programs you
run
Includes
Word processors
EMR
Spreadsheets
Browsers
Video Games
17
Lecture a
OpenOffice Word Processor (Hribar, 2011)
More Components
18
Lecture a
Networks
Allow computer to connect to others and to Internet
Hardware: network ports, connections, routers
Software: OS and NOS
Databases
Collection of data easily stored and retrieved
Hardware: server (computer and storage)
Software: DBMS
Computer Software and Hardware
19
Lecture a
Software is the interface between the user
and the computer
Without meaningful, easy to use
applications, people wouldn't use
computers
If the hardware is slow, people won't use
the applications
Important to get a good balance
Summary Lecture a
20
Computers are electronic devices that
input, calculate and output data
Computers range from PCs to large
mainframes and supercomputers
Computers are also found in most
electronic devices today
Composed of hardware and software
Lecture a
References Lecture a
References
Definition of computer from Websters Dictionary online: http://www.merriam-
webster.com/dictionary/computer c. 2011.
Evans A, Martin K, Poatsey MA. Chapter 1: Why Computers Matter to You. In:
Technology in Action: Complete. 7th ed. New Jersey: Prentice Hall; 2010.
Evans A, Martin K, Poatsey MA. Chapter 2: Looking at Computers: Understanding
the Parts. In: Technology in Action: Complete. 7th ed. New Jersey: Prentice Hall;
2010.
Parsons JJ, Oja D. Chapter 1: Computers and Digital Basics. In: New Perspectives
on Computer Concepts 2011: Comprehensive. 13th ed. Boston: Course Technology;
2010.
Shelley GB, Vermaat ME. Chapter 1: Introduction to Computers. In: Discovering
Computers 2011: Introductory. 1st ed. Boston: Course Technology; 2010.

21
Lecture a
References Lecture a (continued)
Images (continued)
Slide 3: Environmental Protection Agency. (1973, July). ARC - Archival Research Catalog. Retrieved November 2011,
from The National Archives website:
http://arcweb.archives.gov/arc/action/ExternalIdSearch?id=552357&jScript=true
Slide 4: Android Smartphone: Unamed102. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Android_home.png. Retrieved November
2011, from Wikimedia Commons website: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/. This file is licensed under the
Creative Commons Attribution ShareAlike 3.0 License.
Slide 4: Laptop: Kristoferb (talk). (2010, June 14). http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:MSI_Laptop_computer.jpg. Retrieved
November 2011, from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/. This work is licensed under the Creative Commons
Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 License.
Slide 4: First generation iPad: copyright Glenn Fleishman, Seattle, WA. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:IPad-
02.jpg. Retrieved November, 2011from Wikimedia Commons website: http://commons.wikimedia.org/ . This file
is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 2.0 Generic license.
Slide 5: The Columbia Supercomputer at NASA's Advanced Supercomputing Facility at Ames Research Center:
Trower, NASA, nd.). http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Columbia_Supercomputer_-
_NASA_Advanced_Supercomputing_Facility.jpg . Retrieved November 2011, from Wikimedia Commons
website: http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/. This file is in the public domain because it was created by NASA.
Slide 5: An IBM 704 mainframe. Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. (n.d.).
http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ibm704.gif. Retrieved November 2011, from Wikimedia Commons
website: http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/. The copyright holder of this file, Lawrence Livermore National
Laboratory, allows anyone to use it for any purpose, provided that the copyright holder is properly attributed.
Redistribution, derivative work, commercial use, and all other use is permitted.

22
Lecture a
Images (continued)
Slide 6: A portable DVD player by Philips: Evan-Amos. (2010, September 3). http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Philips-
portable-dvd-player.jpg Retrieved November 2011, from Wikimedia Commons website:
http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/ . Public domain image.
Slide 6: ABS brakes: by Jeff Dean. (2007, May 4). http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Absbrakes.jpg Retrieved
November 2011, from Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia website: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki. The copyright
holder of this file allows anyone to use it for any purpose, provided that the copyright holder is properly
attributed.
Slide 6: Paes, C. (n.d.). http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Dishwasher_open_for_loading.jpg. Retrieved November
2011, from Wikimedia Commons website: http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki. The copyright holder of this work
allows anyone to use it for any purpose including unrestricted redistribution, commercial use, and modification.
Slide 6: MRI: NINDS. (n.d.). http://www.lfmi.ninds.nih.gov/img117arrive.php. Retrieved November 2011, from
Wikimedia Commons website: http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki.
Slide 7: Graphic workstation: Public Domain. (n.d.).
http://www.wpclipart.com/computer/PCs/graphic_workstation.png.html. Retrieved November 2011, from
WPClipart website: http://www.wpclipart.com/.
Slide 8: Computer Keyboard: Mrsi , I. (2010, August 23).
http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Computer_keyboard_US.svg . Retrieved November 2011, from
Wikimedia Commons website: http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki . Public domain.
Slide 8: PDA: (n.d.). http://www.clker.com/cliparts/9/0/8/5/1194983833382818263cleanpalm_teudimundo_01.svg.hi.png.
Retrieved November 2011, from Clker.com website: http://www.clker.com/. Public domain:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/ .
Slide 8: Computer Mouse: Public domain (nd.). Retrieved November 2011from http://www.openclipart.org/detail/3038.

23
Lecture a
Images (continued)
Slide 9: Output devices: printer and monitor: Public domain (nd.). Retrieved November 2011 from
http://www.openclipart.org/detail/27207.
Slide 10: Labeled diagram of Acer E360 Socket 939 motherboard. Moxfyre. (2008, September 23).
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Acer_E360_Socket_939_motherboard_by_Foxconn.svg . Retrieved November
2011, from Wikipedia The Free Encyclopedia website: http://en.wikipedia.org .
Slide 11: Intel 80486DX CPU. Photograph Andrew Dunn (2005, November 9 ). Website:
http://www.andrewdunnphoto.com/ . http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Intel_80486DX2_bottom.jpg .
Retrieved November 2011 from Wikimedia Commons website: http://commons.wikimedia.org/.
Slide 12: RAM memory modules. Cyberdex (2006).
http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Memory_module_DDRAM_20-03-2006.jpg. Retrieved November 2011
from Wikimedia Commons website: http://commons.wikimedia.org/ . Public domain image.
Slide 13: Internal view of hard drive. ukasz Garczewski (2004).
http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Hdd_od_srodka.jpg. Retrieved November 2011 from Wikimedia
Commons website: http://commons.wikimedia.org/. Public domain image.
Slide 14: A Sandisk-brand USB thumb drive, SanDisk Cruzer Micro, 4GB. Evan-Amos (2011).
http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:SanDisk_Cruzer_Micro.png. Retrieved from Wikimedia Commons
website: http://commons.wikimedia.org/. Public domain image.
Slide 14: DVD: WPClipart (nd.). http://www.wpclipart.com/computer/disks/CD/CD_DVD_small_bright.png.html.
Retrieved November 2011 from WPClipart website: http://www.wpclipart.com. Public domain image.
Slide 15: USB plug type A: A. Frank (2005, February). http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:USB_TypeA_Plug.JPG .
Retrieved November 2011 from Wikipedia The Free Encyclopedia website: http://en.wikipedia.org. This file is
licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 2.0 Generic license.
Slide 17: OpenOffice Word Processor screenshot. M. Hribar (2011).

24
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Introduction to Information and

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