LTE Radio Parameters RL20 3 Nokia Siemens Networks RA41211EN20GLA1 1. LTE Functionalities and Overview 2. Channel Configuration 3. General parameter DB structure and System Information Broadcast 4. Random Access 5. Radio Admission Control (RAC) 6. Radio Bearer Control & DRX /DTX Management 7. LTE Mobility Management 8. UL/DL Scheduler 9. MIMO Mode Control (MIMO-MC) 10.Power Control
Contents 4 Nokia Siemens Networks RA41211EN20GLA1 LTE in 3GPP Release 8 3GPP and Operator Requirements Packet Switched Domain Optimized RTT <10 ms Access Delay <300 ms Peak Rates UL/DL 50/100 Mbps Good Mobility and Security Improve Terminal Power Efficiency Frequency Allocation Flexibility with 1.4,3, 5, 10, 15 and 20 MHz Allocations WCDMA evolution work to continue 3-4 times higher capacity expected than with Release 6 HSDPA/HSUPA reference case
Study Phase 2004: 3GPP workshop on UTRAN Long Term Evolution 03/2005 Start of the study 12/2005 Multiple Access selected 03/2006 eNB/Core functional split selected 09/2006 Close of the study item & approval of work plan Release 8 Stage 3 Output 06/2008 baseline 09/2008 baseline: Major PHY updates. 12/2008 baseline: Major MAC updates. 03/2009 baseline: Major L3 updates. 5 Nokia Siemens Networks RA41211EN20GLA1 LTE/EPC Network Elements Main references to architecture in 3GPP specs.: TS23.401,TS23.402,TS36.300 LTE-UE Evolved UTRAN (E-UTRAN) MME S10 S6a Serving Gateway S1-U S11 PDN Gateway PDN Evolved Packet Core (EPC) PCRF S7 Rx+ SGi S5/S8 Evolved Node B (eNB) X2 LTE-Uu HSS Mobility Management Entity Policy & Charging Rule Function S-GW /P-GW
eNB 6 Nokia Siemens Networks RA41211EN20GLA1 LTE Radio Interface and the X2 Interface LTE-Uu interface Air interface of LTE Based on OFDMA in DL and SC-FDMA in UL FDD and TDD duplex methods Scalable bandwidth 1.4MHz to currently 20 MHz X2 interface Inter eNB interface X2AP: special signalling protocol Functionalities: For an inter- eNB HO to facilitate handover and provide data forwarding. In RRM to provide e.g. load information to neighbouring eNBs to facilitate interference management Logical interface: It does not need direct site-to-site connection, i.e. it can be routed via core network as well
(E)-RRC User PDUs User PDUs PDCP .. RLC MAC LTE-L1 (FDD/TDD-OFDMA/SC-FDMA) TS 36.300 eNB LTE-Uu eNB X2 User PDUs GTP-U UDP IP L1/L2 TS 36.424 X2-UP (User Plane) X2-CP (Control Plane) X2-AP SCTP IP L1/L2 TS 36.421 TS 36.422 TS 36.423 TS 36.421 TS 36.420 7 Nokia Siemens Networks RA41211EN20GLA1
S1-MME & S1-U Interfaces S1-MME interface Control interface between eNB and MME S1AP:S1 Application Protocol MME and UE will exchange non- access stratum signaling via eNB through this interface ( i.e. authentication, tracking area updates)
S1-U interface User plane interface between eNB and serving gateway Pure user data interface (U=User plane) MME Serving Gateway S1-MME (Control Plane) S1-U (User Plane) NAS Protocols S1-AP SCTP IP L1/L2 User PDUs GTP-U UDP IP L1/L2 TS 36.411 TS 36.411 TS 36.412 TS 36.413 TS 36.414 TS 36.410 [currently in TS 36.300 19] eNB S1 interface is divided into two parts: 8 Nokia Siemens Networks RA41211EN20GLA1 Physical Layer Technologies Downlink: OFDMA (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access). Uplink: SC-FDMA (Single-Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access).
Both FDD and TDD modes available.
Subcarrier spacing 15 kHz.
Scalable bandwidth.
FDD Carrier Bandwidth [MHz] Number of Resource Blocks 1.4 6 3 15 5 25 10 50 15 75 20 100 FDD with 5, 10, 15 and 20 MHz Bandwidth supported in RL20 9 Nokia Siemens Networks RA41211EN20GLA1 7 symbols (0.5 ms) 1 2
s u b c a r r i e r s
( 1 8 0
k H z )
Symbol rate = 168 ksps QPSK => 2 bits per symbol => 336 kbps 16QAM => 4 bits per symbol => 672 kbps 64QAM => 6 bits per symbol => 1.008 Mbps Resource Block (RB) Basic unit of resource 12 subcarriers wide in the frequency domain 7 symbols long in the time domain Thus, 84 symbols per resource block
Bit Rate per Resource Block depends upon modulation scheme Exercise - Theoretical RB Capacity (normal cyclic prefix case) Bit Rates per Resource Block Based upon 3GPP TS 36.211 TTI is 1 ms, i.e. duration of 2 resource blocks 10 Nokia Siemens Networks RA41211EN20GLA1 Channel Bandwidth 1.4 MHz 3 MHz 5 MHz 10 MHz 15 MHz 20 MHz QPSK 2.016 5.040 8.400 16.800 25.200 33.600 16QAM 4.032 10.080 16.800 33.600 50.400 67.200 64QAM 6.048 15.120 25.200 50.400 75.600 100.800 64QAM (22 MIMO) 12.096 30.240 50.400 100.800 151.200 201.600 64QAM (44 MIMO) 24.192 60.480 100.800 201.600 302.400 403.200 Bit Rates per Resource Block Number of Resource Blocks These bit rates are applicable to the bottom of the Physical Layer, i.e. coding rate has not been taken into account Also requirement to account for the overheads generated by Reference and Synchronisation Signals + other Physical Channels Exercise - Theoretical LTE Bit Rates - Downlink Figures in Mbps 11 Nokia Siemens Networks RA41211EN20GLA1 LTE Peak Layer 1 Data Rates Downlink: Peak Rate 172 Mbps with 2x2 MIMO and 20 MHz Modulation coding 1.4 MHz 3.0 MHz 5.0 MHz 10 MHz 15 MHz 20 MHz QPSK 1/2 Single stream 0.7 2.1 3.5 7.0 10.6 14.1 16QAM 1/2 Single stream 1.4 4.1 7.0 14.1 21.2 28.3 16QAM 3/4 Single stream 2.2 6.2 10.5 21.1 31.8 42.4 64QAM 3/4 Single stream 3.3 9.3 15.7 31.7 47.7 63.6 64QAM 4/4 Single stream 4.3 12.4 21.0 42.3 63.6 84.9 64QAM 3/4 2x2 MIMO 6.6 18.9 31.9 64.3 96.7 129.1 64QAM 1/1 2x2 MIMO 8.8 25.3 42.5 85.7 128.9 172.1 64QAM 1/1 4x4 MIMO 16.6 47.7 80.3 161.9 243.5 325.1 Modulation coding 1.4 MHz 3.0 MHz 5.0 MHz 10 MHz 15 MHz QPSK 1/2 Single stream 0.7 2.0 3.5 7.1 10.8 14.3 16QAM 1/2 Single stream 1.4 4.0 6.9 14.1 21.6 28.5 16QAM 3/4 Single stream 2.2 6.0 10.4 21.2 32.4 42.8 16QAM 1/1 Single stream 2.9 8.1 13.8 28.2 43.2 57.0 64QAM 3/4 Single stream 3.2 9.1 15.6 31.8 48.6 64.2 64QAM 1/1 Single stream 4.3 12.1 20.7 42.3 64.8 85.5 64QAM 1/1 V-MIMO (cell) 8.6 24.2 41.5 84.7 129.6 171.1 20 MHz Uplink: Peak Rate 57 Mbps with 20 MHz and 16QAM 12 Nokia Siemens Networks RA41211EN20GLA1 LTE UE Categories All categories support 20 MHz 64QAM mandatory in downlink, but not in uplink (except Class 5) 2x2 MIMO mandatory in other classes except Class 1 Class 1 Class 2 Class 3 Class 4 Class 5 10/5 Mbps 50/25 Mbps 100/50 Mbps 150/50 Mbps 300/75 Mbps Peak rate DL/UL 20 MHz RF bandwidth 20 MHz 20 MHz 20 MHz 20 MHz 64QAM Modulation DL 64QAM 64QAM 64QAM 64QAM 16QAM Modulation UL 16QAM
64QAM 16QAM
16QAM
Yes
Rx diversity Yes Yes Yes Yes 1-4 tx BTS tx diversity Optional MIMO DL 2x2 4x4 2x2 2x2 1-4 tx 1-4 tx 1-4 tx 1-4 tx 13 Nokia Siemens Networks RA41211EN20GLA1 RRM Framework UE scope:Handover control, power control, Adaptive Modulation and Coding, outer link quality control, MIMO Cell scope:Radio Admission Control, Congestion Control eNode B scope: Packet Scheduler (cell scope for simpler implementation) RAN scope:Load Balancing, Inter-cell Interference Coordination Multi-RAT scope: Interworking with GSM/EDGE, UMTS and CDMA2000, inter-RAT HO 14 Nokia Siemens Networks RA41211EN20GLA1 Layer 3 RRM Connection Mobility Control Layer 2 RRM Time Scale Call Duration Interhandover Time Channel Fading Time Burst or Packet Duration Traffic, Channel and Location Variations Radio Admission Control Intercell Interference Coordination Fast DL AMC 1 ms 10 ms 100 ms 1 s 10 s 100 s Load Balancing , Congestion Control Packet Scheduling (UL/DL), fast ATB ATB = Adaptive Transmission Bandwidth L3 Signaling Delay Slow UL Power Control (open/closed Loop) Outer Link Quality Control (OLQC) UE DRX/DTX Control LTE TTI Slow UL LA/AMC, Slow UL ATB Dynamic MIMO Control RRM Framework: Time Scale of RRM Functions 15 Nokia Siemens Networks RA41211EN20GLA1 RRM Framework Radio Admission Control : Admission control will be encharged of deciding when new users (or mobility users) are allowed to establish bearers in the cell Handover control: is encharged of the mobility control within the LTE RRM. Based on UE reported events it will select the appropiate target cell for HO and initiate mobility procedures. Packet Scheduler: Is encharged of UL and DL scheduling every TTI and resource allocation. PS will decide which users are scheduled on a TTI basis, the location and the amount of resources allocated to each user. AMC (OLQC, OLLA) : AMC will perform link adaptation tasks to ensure radio resources are used in the most effiecient way possible. MIMO: This module is encharged of selecting whether Transmit diversity, Spatial multiplexing or dynamic switching between previous two modes will be emplyed for every user based on UE feedback Power control: For DL it will be a semi static configuration but for UL RRM will provide feedback for closed loop power control to reduce UL interference. Functional Description of the different RRM Modules 16 Nokia Siemens Networks RA41211EN20GLA1 RL10 Features BTS Site Solution LTE74 Flexi System Module FSMD LTE86 Flexi 3-sector RF Module 2100 LTE88 Flexi 3-sector RF Module 900* LTE99 Flexi 3-sector RF Module 1.7/2.1 LTE101 Flexi 3-sector RF Module 1800* LTE437 Flexi 3-sector RF Module 800EU* LTE547 Flexi RRH 2 TX 800EU* LTE76 Flexi BTS legacy MHA Support LTE94 Feederless Site LTE97 Cell range 77 km LTE155 Flexi BTS 3rd party MHA Support LTE899 Antenna Line Supervision LTE900 Flexi LTE BTS 40W Power Support LTE903 Flexi LTE BTS 60W Power Support LTE904 Branch Activation in Triple RF Module
Transport LTE129 Traffic prioritization on Ethernet layer LTE131 Traffic prioritization on IP layer (Diffserv) LTE138 Traffic shaping (UL) LTE707 Flexi Transport sub-module FTIB LTE710 Synchronization from PDH interface LTE711 Synchronization from 2.048MHz signal LTE875 Different IP addresses for U/C/M/S-plan LTE132 VLAN based traffic differentiation LTE134 Timing over Packet LTE713 Synchronous Ethernet RRM/Telecom LTE70 Downlink adaptive open loop MIMO for two antennas LTE1 S1/X2 data path management LTE3 S1, X2 and RRC common signaling LTE5 Radio bearer and S1 bearer establishment and release LTE20 Admission control LTE27 Open loop UL power control and DL power setting LTE28 Closed loop UL power control LTE30 CQI adaption (DL) LTE31 Link adaptation by AMC (UL/DL) LTE37 Ciphering LTE38 Integrity protection LTE39 System information broadcast LTE40 Physical & transport channels LTE41 PDCP, RLC & MAC support LTE45 Fair scheduler (UL/DL) LTE49 Paging LTE50 UE state management LTE51 Cell selection and re-selection LTE53 Intra and inter eNB handover with X2 LTE69 Transmit diversity for two antennas LTE788 Support of 16 QAM (UL) LTE187 Single TX path mode LTE423 RRC connection release with redirect LTE747 Support of UE radio capabilities LTE749 Link adaptation for PDCCH LTE761 Advanced target cell selection and handover retry for intra frequency handover LTE762 Idle mode mobility from LTE to WCDMA, GSM or other LTE bands LTE767 Support of aperiodic CQI reports LTE43 Support of 64 QAM in DL LTE793 Support of 16 QAM (DL)
17 Nokia Siemens Networks RA41211EN20GLA1 RL20 New Features BTS Site Solution LTE113 Cell Bandwidth - 15 MHz LTE447 SW support for RF sharing GSM-LTE LTE101 Flexi 3-sector RF Module 1800 LTE104 Flexi RRH 2TX 1800 LTE677 Flexi 1600 MHz RF solution
Transport LTE140 Ethernet OAM LTE491 FlexiPacket Radio Connectivity LTE649 QoS aware Ethernet switching LTE564 IPSec on FTIB LTE592 Link Supervision with BFD LTE775 SCTP multi-homing (MME)
RRM/Telecom LTE2 S1 Flex LTE4 Multi-Operator Core Network LTE7 Support of multiple EPS bearer LTE9 Service differentiation LTE10 EPS bearers for conversational voice LTE11 Robust header compression LTE13 Rate capping LTE22 Emergency call handling LTE54 Intra-LTE handover via S1 LTE55 Inter-frequency handover LTE562 CSFB to UTRAN or GSM via redirect LTE703 DL adaptive closed loop MIMO for two antennas LTE819 DL inter-cell interference generation LTE870 Idle mode mobility from LTE to CDMA/eHRPD LTE914 Graceful cell shut down Operability LTE492 ANR LTE185 System Upgrade LTE475 Automatic iOMS resiliency LTE559 SW Monitoring Module for LTE LTE830 LTE Automatic Lock LTE502 Cell Outage triggered reset LTE163 Subscriber and Equipment Trace LTE433 Cell Trace LTE667 LTE User Event Log Management LTE796 iOMS connectivity increase Performance Monitoring LTE805 PM Counter Capacity I 18 Nokia Siemens Networks RA41211EN20GLA1 MultiUser- MIMO (DL / UL) Relays Multi-Band Radio Advanced HetNets Dynamic Traffic Balancing LTE (FDD) Roadmap Overview RL20 Quality of Service Network & RF Sharing Interference Aware Scheduling UE Power Saving (DRX) Operator Specific QCIs Subscriber Profile Based Mobility Inter RAT Handover to WCDMA NACC to GSM SON-ANR Fully UE Based SON-Inter RAT ANR SON-Optimization Neighbor Relations SON-Automatic Alarm Correlation SON-Mobility Robustness (MRO) Up to 6 Cells per Flexi BTS Fast IP Rerouting
Frequency Bands: 760 MHz
2008 2009 2010 2007 2Q/2011 4Q/2011 2Q/12 & 4Q/12 1/2011 Channel Aware Scheduler (UL) Smart DRX Smart Admission Control OTDOA Location Service TTI Bundling CS Fallback Enhancements SRVCC to WCDMA / GSM SON-Minimization of Drive Tests SON-MRO Evolution Time Based Power Saving Flexi Multiradio System Module Flexi Lite BTS 4-way RX Diversity IPv4/IPv6 Dual Stack Synchronization Hub
Frequency Bands: 1900 MHz 900 MHz RL30 Network Operations Enhanced IRAT Mobility RL40 Network Capacity Smart Phones Fair & QoS Aware Scheduling Voice over LTE Solution Service Differentiation Rate Capping Intra LTE Mobility Inter RAT Mobility (Re-Selection) Multi-Operator Core Network Multiple EPS Bearers CS Fallback SON-BTS Auto Connectivity SON-BTS Auto Configuration SON-Central ANR SON-Self Healing Trace Solution RF Sharing GSM - LTE QoS Aware Ethernet Switching Ethernet OAM Flexi Packet Radio Connectivity
Frequency Bands: 2600, 2100 and 1800 MHz 1700/2100 and 1600 MHz 800EU, 850 and 730 MHz
MIMO 4x2 Carrier Aggregation 40 MHz Inter Frequency Load Balancing Service Based Handover FDD-TDD Handover eICIC SON-Min of Drive Tests (Rel10) Coverage / Capacity Optimization Load Based Power Saving Active Antennas Multiradio System Sharing LTE Femto Solution Ethernet Path/Ring Protection Under Planning Contract Available Study Item RL50 LTE - Advanced Carrier Aggregation RL60 LTE - Advanced Mar,2011