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Ian Sommerville 2004 Software Engineering, 7th edition.
Chapter 1 Slide 1
An Introduction to Software
Engineering
Ian Sommerville 2004 Software Engineering, 7th edition. Chapter 1 Slide 2
Software Engineering

Syllabus:
Introduction: Introduction to software engineering,
Importance of software, The Software evolution,
Software characteristics, Software components,
Software applications, Crisis-Problem and
causes.

Software development life-cycle:
Requirement analysis, software design, coding,
testing and maintenance etc.

cont
Software requirement Specification: Water fall
model, prototyping interactive enhancement, spiral
model role of management in software development,
role of matrices and measurement, Problem analysis,
requirement specification, validation, matrices,
monitoring and control.

System Design: Problem partitioning, abstraction,
top down and bottom up design, structured
approach, functional versus object oriented approach,
design specification and verification matrices,
monitoring and control, Cohesiveness, coupling, 4
GL.
..cont
Coding: TOP-DOWN and BOTTOM-UP structure
programming, information hiding, programming
style, and internal documentation, verification,
metrics, monitoring and control.

Testing: levels of testing, functional testing,
structural testing, test plane, test class
specification, reliability assessment, Software
testing strategies, Verification and validation, Unit,
Integration Testing, Top down and bottom up
integration testing, Alpha and Beta testing, System
testing and debugging.

..cont
Software project Management: Cost estimation,
project scheduling, staffing, software configuration
management, structured Vs unstructured
maintenance, quality assurance, project monitoring,
risk management.

Function oriented and object oriented Software
design: Overview of SA/SD Methodology, structured
analysis, data flow diagrams, extending DFD to real
time systems, Object oriented design, Graphical
representation of OOD, Generic OO development
paradigm.
..cont
Software Reliability and Quality
Assurance: Reliability issues, Reliability metrics,
reliability growth modeling, Software quality, ISO 9000
certification for software industry, SEI capability
maturity model, comparison between ISO & SEI CMM

Books & Authors
Software Engineering -Roger S. Pressman
Software Engineering- Ian Sommerville

Reference Books on S/w Engg By
Pankaj Jalote,
Rajib Mall,
K.K Agarwal
Marking
CT1 - 15
CT2 - 15
END SEM 40
LAB / LAB EXAM - 20
ATENDANCE+WRITTENASSG/PROJ - 10
Hardware

Software Mt.

Software Dev.
100

80

60

40

20

1955 1970 1985
Hardware / Software
Cost Trends
A Software is thought of as either
- a collection of programs
or
- Instructions which when executed provide desired
functions and performance
or
- Data structures that enable the program to adequately
manipulate informations
or
- Document that describes the operation and use of the
programs .
but instead it is Set of all.
..cont
S/w is not just the programs but also all
associated documentation and configuration data
which is needed to make these programs
operate correctly
Software is a Collection of
- computer programs
- procedures
- rules
- data structures
- associated documentation.
and a program
and
programming System Product
(Software)
are clearly different .
Characteristics of Software
- is a logical or conceptual entity.
- is developed or engineered
not manufactured
- is intangible
no mass, no volume,no color,no odor.
- does not wear out
(due to excessive use or environmental hazards)
Instead
it fails or deteriorates.
- is built rather than assembled
- does not have spare parts.

Software Crisis
- how to develop a software
- how to maintain a software
- how to keep pace with the growing demand of new
software.

Real Problem
How to initially estimate and subsequently measure
quality
reliability and
Cost of end product.
Programmers Time Spending Schedule
Writing programs 13%
Reading programs and manuals 16%
Job communication 32%
Personal 13%
Training 15%
Mail 6%
Miscellaneous 5%
A discipline of Software Engg can be achieved

- by combining comprehensive methods for all phases
in software development.

- by procuring better tools for automating the methods.

- by procuring more powerful building blocks for
software implementation.

- by an overriding philosophy for coordination,control
and management.
Definition Of Software Engineering
The establishment and use of sound engineering
principles in order to obtain economic software that
is reliable and works efficiently on real machines.
- Fritz Baur [1969]

It is the application of science and maths by which
the capabilities of computer equipments are made
useful to man via computer programs procedures
and associated documentation.
- Boehm [1981]

It is the systematic approach to the development
operation,maintenance and retirement of software.
- Jalote

It is a outgrowth of hardware and system engineering
and has three key elements: methods ,tools and
procedures - that enable the manager to control the
process of software development and provide the
practitioner with a foundation for building high-quality
software in a productive manner.
-
Pressman
Definition Of Software Engineering(contd)
Objectives
To introduce software engineering and to explain
its importance
To set out the answers to key questions about
software engineering
To introduce ethical and professional issues and
to explain why they are of concern to software
engineers
Software engineering
The economies of ALL developed nations are
dependent on software.
More and more systems are software controlled
Software engineering is concerned with theories,
methods and tools for professional software
development.
Expenditure on software represents a
significant fraction of GNP in all developed
countries.
Software costs
Software costs often dominate computer system
costs. The costs of software on a PC are often
greater than the hardware cost.
Software costs more to maintain than it does to
develop. For systems with a long life,
maintenance costs may be several times
development costs.
Software engineering is concerned with cost-
effective software development.
FAQs about software engineering
What is software?
What is software engineering?
What is the difference between software
engineering and computer science?
engineering and system engineering?
What is a software process?
What is a software process model?
FAQs about software engineering
What are the costs of software engineering?
What are software engineering methods?
What is CASE (Computer-Aided Software
Engineering)
What are the attributes of good software?
What are the key challenges facing software
engineering?
What is software?
Computer programs and associated documentation such
as requirements, design models and user manuals.
Software products may be developed for a particular
customer or may be developed for a general market.
Software products may be
Generic - developed to be sold to a range of different customers
e.g. PC software such as Excel or Word.
Bespoke (custom) - developed for a single customer according
to their specification.
New software can be created by developing new
programs, configuring generic software systems or
reusing existing software.
What is software engineering?
Software engineering is an engineering discipline
that is concerned with all aspects of software
production.
Software engineers should adopt a systematic
and organised approach to their work and use
appropriate tools and techniques depending on
the problem to be solved, the development
constraints and the resources available.
engineering and computer science?
Computer science is concerned with theory and
fundamentals; software engineering is concerned
with the practicalities of developing and
delivering useful software.
Computer science theories are still insufficient to
act as a complete underpinning for software
engineering (unlike e.g. physics and electrical
engineering).
engineering and system engineering?
System engineering is concerned with all
aspects of computer-based systems
development including hardware, software and
process engineering. Software engineering is
part of this process concerned with developing
the software infrastructure, control, applications
and databases in the system.
System engineers are involved in system
specification, architectural design, integration
and deployment.
What is a software process?
A set of activities whose goal is the development
or evolution of software.
Generic activities in all software processes are:
Specification - what the system should do and its
development constraints
Development - production of the software system
Validation - checking that the software is what the
customer wants
Evolution - changing the software in response to
changing demands.
What is a software process model?
A simplified representation of a software process,
presented from a specific perspective.
Examples of process perspectives are
Workflow perspective - sequence of activities;
Data-flow perspective - information flow;
Role/action perspective - who does what.
Generic process models
Waterfall;
Iterative development;
Component-based software engineering.
What are the costs of software engineering?
Roughly 60% of costs are development costs,
40% are testing costs. For custom software,
evolution costs often exceed development costs.
Costs vary depending on the type of system
being developed and the requirements of system
attributes such as performance and system
reliability.
Distribution of costs depends on the
development model that is used.

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Ian Sommerville 2004 Software Engineering, 7th edition.

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