1.

I tried to speak Spanish , and my friend tried

S V O C S V
to speak English.
O

2. Ardi played football , so Maria
S V C S
went shopping.
V
Compound sentence is a sentence which
contains at least two independent clauses
joined by a coordinator. The coordinators
are as follows: for, and, nor, but, or, yet,
so. (Helpful hint: The first letter of each of
the coordinators spells FANBOYS.)
A clause is defined as a group of related
words that has both a subject and a verb.
In attempting to identify clauses, they
are often contrasted with phrases, which
do not have a subject and verb.
He was eating a bacon sandwich.
S V O


Independent clause is a group of words made up
of a subject and a predicate. An independent
clause can stand alone as a sentence. An
independent clause by itself.


Every main clause will follow this pattern:
SUBJECT + VERB = complete thought.
1. She smiled down on the children.
S V
2. I want to be a nurse, but I need to receive my
S V S V
science degree.
3. I am a doctor, and my wife is a lawyer.
S V S V
(This is a compound sentence made up of two
independent clauses: I am a doctor and my wife
is a lawyer.)
Dependent Clause(Subordinate) Clause

A dependent (subordinate) clause is part
of a sentence; it contains a subject and
verb but does not express a complete
thought. They can make sense on their
own, but, they are dependent on the rest
of the sentence for context and meaning.

Every subordinate clause will follow this pattern:




1. Before we came to class
SC S V
2. Because my dog loves pizza crusts
SC S V

SUBORDINATE CONJUNCTION + SUBJECT + VERB = incomplete thought.
The important point to remember about subordinate
clauses is that they can never stand alone as
complete sentences. To complete the thought, you
must attach each subordinate clause to a main
clause. Generally, the punctuation looks like this:



We studied for the test. We came to class.
We studied for the test before we came to class.
OR
Before we came to class, we studied for the test.



MAIN CLAUSE + + SUBORDINATE CLAUSE
SUBORDINATE CLAUSE + , + MAIN CLAUSE .
Coordinating conjunctions, also
called coordinators, are conjunctions
that joins parts of a sentence (for
example words or independent
clauses) that are grammatically equal
or similar.

For -> presents a reason
He is gambling with his health , for he has been
smoking far too long.
And -> presents non-contrasting item(s) or idea(s)
They gamble, and they smoke.
Nor -> presents a non-contrasting negative idea
They do not gamble, nor do they smoke.
But ->presents a contrast or exception
They gamble, but they don't smoke.
Or -> presents an alternative item or idea
Every day they gamble, or they smoke.
Yet -> presents a contrast or exception
They gamble, yet they don't smoke.
So -> presents a consequence
He gambled well last night, so he smoked a cigar
to celebrate.


A conjunctive adverb is an adverb that connects
two clauses. Conjunctive adverbs show cause and
effect, sequence, contrast, comparison, or other
relationships. Here is the list:

Accordingly, anyway, besides, certainly,
elsewhere,finally, further, for instance, for
example, however, in addition, instead,likewise,
moreover, nevertheless, on the other hand,
subsequently,otherwise, perhaps, still, therefore,
thus, undoubtedly and etc.


A conjunctive adverb can join two main clauses. In this situation,
the conjunctive adverb behaves like a coordinating conjunction,
connecting two complete ideas.
Every conjunctive adverb will follow this pattern:


Example:
1. You need to concentrate on your studies; otherwise, you will
fail the class.
2. We really need to go to the mall; in addition, we should see a
movie.
3. I wanted to see a scary movie; however, my friend wanted to
see a comedy.

Independent CLAUSE + ; + conjunctive adverb + , + Independent CLAUSE
Semicolons are most often used to connect
two independent clauses (full sentences) that
are related in meaning. Both the words before
the semicolon and the words after it must be
complete sentences that could be separated
with a period.
Example:
We could go fishing on Saturday ; you could
IC SC IC
borrow a pole from my neighbour.


Colons are used after independent clauses to
point to certain types of words, groups of words,
or a series that follows the independent clause.
Colons are also used to separate information in
specific instances.
The recipe calls for a variety of fish :
IC colon
sardines,anchovies, halibut, and herring.






Compound Sentence or Simple Sentence
1. I haven't seen Ann lately, and I won't see her
again until fall. C / S
2. Mr. Holmes listens to the news every night, and
then he goes to bed. C / S
3. Helen is going to Spain today and will come
home July 25. C / S
4. Will you wait for me, or do you want to go
ahead? C / S
5. The children argue and wrangle over every little
thing. C / S

Independent or Dependent Clause
6. Eventhough it rained constantly in Victoria.
7. However, we still had time to visit Butchart
Gardens.
8. Because we knew how to handle the boat in
rough weather.
9. Furthermore, the weather improved along
with our disposition.
10. Since our friends had not yet arrived.