Haldia Refinery

Igniting Minds...
Energizing Lives
Haldia Refinery
Haldia Refinery

Presentation on LOBS.

Hirak Dutta, General Manager(Technical)
Haldia Refinery

Igniting Minds... Energizing Lives
Haldia Refinery
LUBRICANTS
LUBRICANTS = BASE OILS + ADDITIVES
BOTH MINERAL AND SYNTHETIC BASE STOCKS
AND THEIR MIXURES ARE USED IN LUBRICANT
FORMULATION
MINERAL OILS PRODUCED / REFINED FROM CRUDE
OILS ARE SINGLE COMMON SOURCE OF BASE
STOCKS.
LUBRICATING PROPERTIES OF BASE STOCKS ARE
INFLUENCED BY
CRUDE SOURCE
REFINING PROCESSES

Haldia Refinery
LUBRICANTS
LUBRICANTS = BASE OILS + ADDITIVES
BOTH MINERAL AND SYNTHETIC BASE STOCKS
AND THEIR MIXURES ARE USED IN LUBRICANT
FORMULATION
MINERAL OILS PRODUCED / REFINED FROM CRUDE
OILS ARE SINGLE COMMON SOURCE OF BASE
STOCKS.
LUBRICATING PROPERTIES OF BASE STOCKS ARE
INFLUENCED BY
CRUDE SOURCE
REFINING PROCESSES

Haldia Refinery
USE OF LUBRICANTS/BASE OILS
ENGINE OILS

GEAR OILS

TRANSMISSION FLUID

INDUSTRIAL APPLICATION

CATALYST CARRIER OILS.

WHITE OIL APPLICATION

Haldia Refinery
FUNCTION OF LUBRICANTS
MINIMISE FRICTION AND WEAR

REMOVAL OF DEBRIS

DISSIPATION OF HEAT

ACT AS ELECTRIC INSULATOR

PREVENTS RUSTING & CORROSION

Haldia Refinery
LUBE BASE OILS
FORMULATION OF LUBRICATING OILS HAS
BECOME VERY COMPLEX-
OEM ( ORIGINAL EQUIPMENT
MANUFATURER) REQUIREMENT
GOVERNMENT REGULATION
EFFICIENT USE
ENERGY CONSERVATION
ENVIRONMENT CONCERN
CHANGING PRODUCT SPECIFICATIONS
EXPANDING VAST MARKET.
Haldia Refinery
REQUISITE PROPERTIES
APPROPRIATE VISCOSITY
HIGH VISCOSITY INDEX
LOW POUR POINT
LOW VOLATILITYAND HIGH FLASH POINT
GOOD THERMAL AND OXIDATION STABILITY
HIGH HEAT CAPACITY GOOD THERMAL
CONDUCTIVITY
NON CORROSIVE, OILINESS AND
WETABILITY
Haldia Refinery
LUBE BASE OILS
ALL BASE OILS DO NOT POSSESS SIMILAR
PHYSICO CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OR PROVIDE
EQUIVALENT ENGINE OIL PERFORMANCE.

API ( AMERICAN PETROLEUM INSTITUTE)
CLASSIFIED ALL BASE STOCKS IN FIVE
GROUPS ON THE BASIS OF
SATURATES
VISCOSITY INDEX(VI)
SULFUR CONTENT
Haldia Refinery
API BASE OIL CLASSIFICATION
VI SATURATES
%
SULPHUR
%
GROUP I
80-100 <90 >0.03
GROUP II
80-120 >90 <0.03
GROUP III
>120 >90 <0.03
GROUP IV
POLY ALFA-OLEFINS (SYNTHETIC ORIGIN)
Haldia Refinery
LUBE BASE OILS
LUBE PROCESSING REQUIREMENT IS A
FUNCTION OF
HYDROCARBON STRUCTURE OF
FEED
TARGET PROPERTIES OF
FINISHED BASE OILS
Haldia Refinery
HYDROCARBON STRUCTURE

STRUCTURE V I POUR PT INTEREST
N-PARRAFIN VERY HIGH HIGH LOW
ISO-PARAFFIN HIGH LOW HIGH
NAPHTHENE MEDIUM LOW HIGH
AROMATICS LOW LOW LOW
CONDENSED
/POLAR
VERY LOW -- LOW
Haldia Refinery
Lube Base Oils PROCESSING:
THREE MAIN STEPS FOR LUBE
PROCRSSING:

LIQ-LIQ EXTRN. TO INCREASE VI
DE-WAXING TO REDUCE PP
FINISHING TO IMPROVE
COLOUR AND OXIDATION
STABILITY

Haldia Refinery
Lube Processing
Properties set by Process Units
Flash points ,
KV &Noack
VI, Stability &
Solvency
Pour Point
Color &
Stability
V
a
c
u
u
m

D
i
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a
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S
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E
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o
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H
y
d
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o

c
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a
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k
i
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.

S
o
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v
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t

D
e
w
a
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g

o
r

C
a
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a
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i
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D
e
w
a
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i
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g
.

C
l
a
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T
r
e
a
t
i
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g

o
r

H
y
d
r
o
f
i
n
i
s
h
i
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g

VGO
Vacuum
Distillates
Waxy
Raffinates
Dewaxed Oils
Base Oils
Light Neutral
Medium Neutral
Heavy Neutral
Bright Stock
Vacuum
Resid.
Aromatic
Extracts.
Waxes and
Micro waxes
Propane
Deasphalting
Asphalts.
Gas
Naptha
Kero / Jet
Diesel
Atomospheric
Resid.
Crude
Oil
A
t
o
m
o
s
p
h
e
r
i
c

D
i
s
t
i
l
l
a
t
i
o
n

Haldia Refinery
TREATING / REFINING FOR LUBE PROCESSING
SOLVENT
EXTRACTION
SOLVENT
EXTRACTION
SOLVENT
EXTRACTION
SOLVENT
EXTRACTION
SOLVENT
DEWAXING
API GROUP I
HYDRO-FINISHING
HYDRO-FINISHING
WAX
CATALYTIC
DEWAXING
API GROUP I I
HYDRO-FINISHING
RAFF. HYDRO-
TREATING
HYDRO-
ISOMERISATION
HYDRO-FINISHING
API GROUP II
SOLVENT
DEWAXING
WAX ISOMERISATION
API GROUP III
Haldia Refinery
Gr I and Gr II Processing - Comparison
Haldia Refinery

Additive Types

Dispersants
Detergents
Antiwear
Friction Modifiers
Oxidation Inhibitors
Rust Inhibitors
Emulsifiers / Demulsifiers
Antifoamants

Haldia Refinery

BASE OIL PRODUCT QUALITY-
KEY REQUIREMENTS

Viscosity
VI
Pour Point
Colour
Oxidative Stability
Thermal Stability
Anti-Wear Performance
Better Solvency
Lower Volatility

Haldia Refinery
EFFECT OF MANUFACTURING PROCESS
ON
PROPERTIES OF BASE OILS
PROPERTY DEASPHALTING EXTRACTION DEWAXING HYDRO -
FINISHING
SP.GR DECREASE DECREASE INCREASE DECREASE
FLASH PT NIL NIL NIL NIL
VISCOSITY DECREASE DECREASE INCREASE NIL
VI INCREASE INCREASE DECREASE NIL

Haldia Refinery

API BASE OIL CHARACTERISATION
GROUPS

Viscosity
Index
Saturates
% wt
Sulphur
%wt
GROUP I
80-100 <90 >0.03
GROUP II
80-120 >90 <0.03
GROUP III
>120 >90 <0.03
GROUP IV
Poly Alpha Olefins(Synthetic Oils)
Haldia Refinery

Haldia Gr-I & Gr-II LOBS
Comparison
Grade KV (cSt) VI (min.) Pour Point
(max)
GR
I

150N 28-32 (40oC) 100 -9
500N 10 (100oC) 95 -6
HN 13.5 (100oC) 92 -3
BN 32 (100oC) 92 -3
GR
II
70N 9.5-15.5 (40oC) 100 -21
150N 28.8-32 (40oC) 105 -15
500N 90-105 (40oC) 95 (105) -15
150BS 30 (100oC) 95 -6
Haldia Refinery
Haldia Refinery

Gr-I & Gr-II LOBS
Processing: Comparison
Hydro-
finishing
Solvent
De-waxing
Solvent
Extraction
Solvent
Extractio
n
Hydro
Treating
Wax
Isomeris
ation
Hydro-
finishing
Group-I Group-II
VI
Pour Point
Haldia Refinery
Haldia Refinery

Simple Block Flow Diagram of Haldia Refinery

Haldia Refinery
Haldia Refinery
Vacuum Distillation Unit
Purpose:
To Vacuum Distill RCO from Crude Distillation Unit.
Vac.Distillate is feed stock for LOBS units or FCCU.
Products:
GAS OIL ---- Diesel Component.
Spindle Oil ---- Diesel Component or H-70 LOBS feed stock.
Light Oil ---- 150 N grade LOBS feed stock or FCCU feed.
Inter Oil ---- 500 N grade LOBS feed stock or FCCU feed.
Heavy Oil ---- 850 N grade LOBS feed stock or FCCU feed.
Vac. Residu ---- Feed stock for PDA unit.
Quality Monitoring : K. V at 100 0C, Flash Point, Density.
Haldia Refinery
Haldia Refinery
Product Quality of Distillate & Short Residue
Stream Boiling
Range.0C
Den
@ 15
0C
Fl.
Point
0C
KV @
98.9 0C
%S

CCR
wt%

Gas Oil 265-362 0.8591 119 4 at 37.8 1.38
Spindle oil 362-385 0.8992 162 3.54 1.96
Light oil 385-462 0.8950 184 3.84 2.38
Inter oil 462-504 0.9218 242 10.23 2.38
Hy. oil 504-562 0.9354 282 21.06 2.4
Short
Residue
542+ 1.013 342 1075 4.33 14.24
Haldia Refinery
Major Operating Conditions
RCO feed temp : 90-115 deg C
Preheat Temp : 285 deg C
Coil Outlet Temp : 400 deg C
Vac Tower Flash Zone Pr. 120-130 mm Hg at 400 dec C
Vac Tower Top Temp : 80 deg C
Stripping Steam : 6.5-10 Mt/hr
Furnace recycle : 11 m3/hr Pump around : from 300 deg C to 228
deg C
Product Draw off temp : 232 , 245, 333 & 370 for SO,LO,
IO & HO
Bottom Quench : 5 m3/hr
Haldia Refinery
PROPANE DE-ASPHALTING UNIT

Feed Stock:
Vac. Residue from VDU.
Product:
De- Asphalted Oil.
Asphalt for production of Bitumen.
Quality Monitoring:
DAO ---K.V at 100 o C, Flash Point
Asphalt --- Penetration.
Haldia Refinery
ROSE : Residium Oil Supercritical Extraction
-- Feed & Product Quality
Technology Licensed by M.W. Kellog Technology Co. USA
Design : 800000 MT/Yr
Feed Quality : Den @ 15.5 deg C : 1.01/1.03
Vis @ 100 deg C : 800/2500
Flash Point : 320 min
CCR , wt % : 20/23
% S : 4.3/4.5
Product Quality : Sp Gr. 0.91-0.93
Visc @ 100 deg C: 30-35/40-45
CCR wt% : 2.2 max
Fl Point, deg C : 320 min

Haldia Refinery
Haldia Refinery
Major Operating Parameters- PDA ROSE
Feed Temp : 130 deg C
First & 2
nd
Dilution : 0.5:1 by volume of propane in each
Total Dilution : 12: 1 (propane : feed by volume
Extraction top Pr : 38 kg/cm2G
Top/Bot temp : 68/52 deg C
DAO separator : 43.6 kg/cm2 g pr. & 102 deg C temp

Haldia Refinery
Extraction Process
Best Solvent Property
Selective power
High Solvent Power
Low Lt-Hy selectivity and high group selectivity
Boiling point difference with feed
Low melting point
Good gap in density between oil & solvent
Low surface tension
high thermal chemical stability
Low toxicity , Flammability & corrosivity
Low latent heat & sp. Ht
low viscosity at working temp
High bio degradability

Haldia Refinery
SOLVENT EXTRACTION UNIT.
FEU/NMPEU
Feed stock
Vac. Distillate from VDU & DAO from PDA unit.
Purpose
To extract aromatics from distillates to improve VI of LOBS
using Furfural/NMP as solvent.
Products:
Raffinate for further processing of LOBS & Aromatic extract.
Quality Monitoring:
Raffinate: K.V at 100 oC , RI, CCR
Extract : Density.
Haldia Refinery
FEU/NMPEU : Yield, Feed & Product Quality, Major
Operating Conditions
Operating Conditions FEU NMPEU
Raffinate Yield, %wt 52-65 45-55
Feed Rate, m3/hr 50-73 40-50
Extraction temp. Gradient 40-50 10
Solvent:Feed Ratio 1.2-1.5:1 1.93/2.22:1
Top Temp, deg C 95-130 70-95
Bottom Temp, deg C 45-80 60-85
Extractor Pr, kg/cm2g 2.0 1.5-2.0
Raff/Ext Furnace COT 185/225 270/290
Extract Flash Col Pr.,kg/cm2g 0.5/1.5 0.6/1.2/1.5
Raffinate/Ext. Vaccum Flash
Col. Pr, mmHg
200/220 350/300
Water in Solvent Reduces solvent power Anti Solvent
Haldia Refinery
Solvent De-waxing Unit

Feed Stock :
Raffinate Ex- FEU.
Product :
De-waxed Oil & Slack Wax.
Quality Monitoring:
DWO : Pour Point, Flash Point, KV at 100oC & 40
oC
Slack Wax : Flash Point.

Haldia Refinery
Solvent Dewaxing Unit
Objective
To remove paraffinic hydrocarbons to the extend that the
Lube based stock produced will have enough low pour
point to make it suitable for low temp application

The Process
Extraction and crystallisation to achieve dewaxing with the
addition of SDA followed by filtration & Solvent Recovery

Solvent : MEK & Toluene in equal proportions. Toluene is oil
solvent & MEK is anti wax solvent.

Feed characterised by density, Kin. Visc & RI
LOBS Product characterised by density, Pour Pt, VI, Flash
Point, CCR,Kin Visc.

Haldia Refinery
Solvent Dewaxing Unit
Good Qualities of Dewaxing Solvent Blends:
High solvent Power for oil & Low Solvent power for wax
Low visc. at operating temperature to get low pressure drop
& to help in precipitation /crystallization
Good Filterability
Low Freezing point & temperature effect of Dewaxing
High thermal/chemical stability
Boiling point much lower than that of feed
Low latent heat/specific heat

Haldia Refinery
Haldia Refinery
Lube Hydrofinishing Unit
Feed Stock :
DWO from SDU.
Catalyst :
HR 348 supplied by Procatalyse.High purity Alumina extrudates
impregnated with Nickel and Molybdenum oxides
Purpose:
To improve color by removing Sulphur,Oxygen & Nitrogen in a
reactor with Cobalt / Moly catalyst.
Quality Monitoring:
Color, K.V at 100 oC, VI.
Haldia Refinery
Lube Hydrofinishing Unit
Major reactions : Hydrodesulphurization, Mild
hydrodenitrogenation, Olefins hydrogenation, mild aromatic
hydrogenation, decomposition of heteromolecules.
Sulphur is usually present as mercaptan, sulphides, disulphide and
thiophenic sulphur. Sulphur is removed as H2S.
Nitrogen is usually present as Ammines and pyrrole, pyridine etc.
More difficult reaction and ultimate product is hydrocarbon &
ammonia.
Olefins are present in low quantity & most of them are saturated
during hydro finishing.
Normally aromatics are not hydrogenated. Due to liberation of
some aromatics rings towards the light compounds are stripped off
to reach the required flash point. Thus results in slight VI
improvement also.
Oxygenated compounds are mostly removed in the solvent
extraction step. If any remaining removed as water.
As a result, color & color stability improves, mild VI improvement
occurs

Haldia Refinery
Hydro finishing Unit :
Main operating Variables :
Temperature: optimum to achieve desulphurization. Lower
the temp, higher is the product viscosity & yields
Partial Pressure of Hydrogen : Increase favors the reaction
& reduces coke by avoiding polymerization reaction. Can
be modified by change in total pressure and recycle ratio.
Total pressure kept maximum compatible with the
equipment
Space Velocity : Hourly volume flow rate of feed wrt to the
catalyst volume. Lower is the space velocity higher the
severity. (0.75-1.3 m3 of feed per m3 of catalyst)
Mole ratio of hydrogen/hydrocarbon: Includes quantity
needed for hydro finishing + quantity which increases the
partial pressure of hydrogen
Feed quality: Higher the impurities higher the severity

Haldia Refinery
Hydro finishing Unit
Operating Parameters
Reactor inlet temp : 270-340 deg C
Reactor outlet temp : 360
H2 partial pr. At reactor outlet : 45 kg/cm2g
Space velocity : 0.84 to 1.45 m3 of feed per m3 of catalyst
H2 recycle : 153 liters of pure H2 per litre of oil feed at 15
deg C
Absorber (C-1) : 35.5 kg/cm2g/62.5 deg C
Stripper, (C-2) : 0.25 kg/cm2g /250 deg C
Vacuum Drier (C-3): 50 mm of Hg/249 deg C
1
st
HP Separator (B-2) : 66.5 kg/cm2g/250 deg C
2
nd
HP Separator (B-3) : 65.5 kg/cm2g/50 deg C
LP Separator (B-4) : 5.0 kg/cm2g/250 deg C

Haldia Refinery
VISCOSITY VI RELATIONSHIP
Temperature
V
i
s
c
o
s
i
t
y

Paraffin
Naphthene
Aromatics
Temperature
V
i
s
c
o
s
i
t
y

L
U
H
0 VI
100 VI
Haldia Refinery
CIDW unit, The process
Hydro treatment of feed

De-Waxing

Hydro finishing

Recovery
Haldia Refinery
Purification of Feed
Removal of S, N
S + H2 H2S + Q
N2 + 3H2 2 NH3 + Q
S, N are poison to De-Waxing Catalyst
Side Reactions:
Cracking
Saturation of Unsaturates
Haldia Refinery

Feed + H2 S, N free
feed
+ H2 + HC
+H2S + NH3
R 01
High Temperature,
High Pressure
Exothermic reaction
Haldia Refinery
Hydro treatment Reactor (R 01)
Three catalyst beds
Total catalyst Volume- 40.8 m3
EM-7420 Ni-Mo Hydrogenation Catalyst
Operating Variables:
Temperature
Hydrogen circulation and partial pressure
Space velocity

Haldia Refinery
Hydro treatment Reactor (R 01)
ATTRIBUTE

100 N

150 N

500 N

500 N w/
500 SW

500 SW

150 BS

HDT Temp,
in/out (deg C)
SOR
EOR

302/318
370/386

302/314
370/382

302/321
370/387

302/321
370/384

302/316
370/384

302/323
370/391

*HDT Pres,
(kg/cm
2
-A)
Inlet
Outlet

143.8
138.5

143.8
138.5

143.8
138.5

143.8
138.5

143.8
138.5

143.8
138.5

Haldia Refinery
How to get rid of H2S, NH3?
H2S absorbed in Lean diethyl amine solution
C 02 Amine absorption Column
NH3 absorbed in water
C 03 Wash Water scrubber

Recycle Treated Gas back to the system
using Recycle compressors

Haldia Refinery
De-Waxing
Conversion of N paraffins to Iso Paraffins
N paraffins Waxy in Nature
Iso Paraffins Non Waxy
Isomerization
Side Raections
Cracking
Saturation of unsaturates
Haldia Refinery
De-Waxing

R 02
Clean feed
Ex R 01 +
Treated H2
Low pour point
product + H2 +
HC
High Temperature
High Pressure
Highly Exothermic
Reactions
Haldia Refinery
De-Waxing Reactor, R 02
Three catalyst beds
Total catalyst volume = 40.8 m3
Bed 1 Partial Ni- Mo & bal. EM7-7210
Pt/Pd Hydrogenation catalyst for HDS, HDN
and aromatic saturation.
Bed 2&3 - EM-7300 Pt. Isomerisation
Catalyst
Operating Variables:
Temperature
Hydrogen circulation and partial pressure
Space velocity
Haldia Refinery
De-Waxing Reactor, R 02

Haldia Refinery
ATTRIBUTE

100 N

150 N

500 N

500 N w/
500 SW

500 SW

150 BS

MSDW Temp,
in/out (deg C)
SOR
EOR

304/311
375/382

304/310
375/381

304/314
375/385

304/315
375/386

304/319
375/390

304/317
375/388

*MSDW Pres,
(kg/cm
2
-A)
Inlet
Outlet

126.8
120.5

126.8
120.5

126.8
120.5

126.8
120.5

126.8
120.5

126.8
120.5

Haldia Refinery
Hydrofinishing
Product stabilization through saturation of
poly nuclear aromatics
Improvement in Color

Haldia Refinery
Hydrofinishing Reactor, R 03

Low pour
point product
+ H2 + HC

Hydro finished
product + H2 +
HC
Low Temperature
High Pressure
Mild Exothermic
Haldia Refinery
Two catalyst Beds
Total catalyst volume = 27.2 m3
EM7-7500 Pt/Pd Aromatic saturation

Haldia Refinery
ATTRIBUTE

100 N

150 N

500 N

500 N w/
500 SW

500 SW

150 BS

HDF Temp,
in/out (deg C)
SOR
EOR

247/250
288/291

247/250
288/291

247/250
288/291

247/250
288/291

247/250
288/291

247/250
288/291

*HDF Pres,
(kg/cm
2
-A)
Inlet
Outlet

118.3
113.0

118.3
113.0

118.3
113.0

118.3
113.0

118.3
113.0

118.3
113.0

Haldia Refinery
Control Of Reaction Exotherm
Quench --Cold recycle hydrogen flow to all
reactor beds

Haldia Refinery
CATALYTIC DEWAXING:GENERAL FLOWSHEET
Purge
Make Up
hydrogen
Product
Fractionation
Section
Naphtha
Diesel
Group III LOBS
Product
Separator
Hydrotreater Effluent
Scrubbing Section
Hydrotreating
CDW
Hydrofinishing
Recycle
Feed
Haldia Refinery
HALDIA CDWU
High Pr. Feed/Reactor Section

Waxy Feed
M/U H
2
Vacuum Drier Bottoms
Dewaxed Lube Product
Dewaxed Lube
Product to Storage
Separator Liquids
to HP Stripper
HDT Raffinate
to Vac Stabilizer
Amine Cond.
Purge
HDT
MSDW HDF
Haldia HDT/MSDW Unit
High Pressure Feed/Reactor Section
84-F-01
84-R-01
84-F-02
84-R-02 84-R-03
84-E-03
84-E-06
84-E-02
84-E-11
84-K-01
84-B-07
84-E-04
84-EA-01
84-E-05
84-B-02
84-P-01
84-E-01 84-G-01 84-M-01
84-B-01
84-EA-06
84-P-02
84-C-01
84-C-02 84-C-03
84-P-14 84-P-15
84-B-03
84-B-04
84-E-07
84-EA-02
84-E-08
84-B-05
84-B-06
84-K-02
S/U - Internal Liquid Recycle
Carrier Oil S/U
Heavy Diesel
(Light Lube)
Separator Liquids
to HP Stripper
NNF S/U Line
S/U Line
Haldia Refinery
HALDIA CDWU
Low Pressure Recovery Section
MSDW/HDF
HTS & LTS
Liquid
Haldia HDT/MSDW Unit
Low Pressure Recovery Section
84-P-08
Lean Amine
84-C-09
84-P-05
84-EA-03
HP Stripper
HT Stripper
& LTS Liquid
MPS
Fuel Gas
84-B-10
84-E-12
84-P-04
Wild Naphtha
to Storage
84-C-04
84-F-03
84-C-05
84-J-01
MPS
Lube Product
to 84-E-01
84-P-09
Diesel to
Storage
84-C-06
Vacuum Stripper/Drier
84-C-07 / 84-C-08
MPS
84-P-07
84-J-02
84-EA-05
Heavy Diesel
to Storage
84-B-11
84-P-03
84-E-13
S/U
SWS
84-P-19
84-P-20
84-B-17
Gas to
84-B-24
84-P-13
From 84-B-26
Gas from
84-B-17
84-B-19
84-B-24
SWS
Heavy Diesel to
Lube Product
Stm
84-E-15/16/17
84-J-03/04/05
84-EA-04
84-P-06
84-G-02
Haldia Refinery
HALDIA CDWU
Operating Parameters
WART, HDT, degC 310-390
WART, HDW, deg C 310-390
WART, HDF, deg C 210-290
LHSV, sec
-1
1-1.5
Operating pr, kg/cm2g 120-145
Haldia Refinery
YIELD PATTERN OF CATALYTIC DEWAXING UNIT
HALDIA
ATTRIBUTE 100N 150N 500N 150BS
H2 CONSP 0.91 0.72 1.1 1.23
H2S +NH3 0.75 0.81 1.17 1.73
GAS 1.03 0.76 0.96 1.46
NAPHTHA 1.86 1.57 2.88 3.32
HSD 25.67 13.6 9.19 9.59
LIGHT LUBE 7.19 12.1 16.3 0
LOBS 64.4 71.9 70.58 85.1
Haldia Refinery
Lube Base Oil Product Qualities
Grade KV (cSt) VI (min.) Pour Point
(max)
GR
I

150N
28-32 (40oC) 100 -9
500N
10 (100oC) 95 -6
HN
13.5 (100oC) 92 -3
BN
32 (100oC) 92 -3
GR
II
70N
9.5-15.5 (40oC) 100 -21
150N
28.8-32 (40oC) 105 -15
500N
90-105 (40oC) 95 (105) -15
150BS
30 (100oC) 95 -6
Haldia Refinery
Group I grade
LOBS
Group II grade
LOBS
GROUP I / GROUP II LOBS
Haldia Refinery
Haldia Refinery
NEW GENERATION LUBRUCANT WILL REQUIRE

LUBRICANT PERFORMANCE
REQUIRED
BASE STOCK
PROPERTY NEEDED
ENGINE OILS LOW EMMISSIONS,
LOW OIL CONSUMPTION
FUEL ECONOMY

EXTENDED DRAIN
LOW VOLATILITY AT LOW
VISCOSITY
LOW VISCOSITY & HIGH
VISCOSITY INDEX
OXIDATION STABILITY

GEAR OILS FILL FOR LIFE
FUEL ECONOMY
OXIDATION STABILITY
HIGH VISCOSITY INDEX(GR-III)
TRANSMISSION
FLUID
EXCELLENT FLUIDITY
FUEL ECONOMY
HIGH VISCOSITY INDEX(GR-III)
LOW VISCOSITY, LOW
VOLATILITY
Haldia Refinery
THANK YOU
Haldia Refinery
BASE OIL TRENDS
Market
share (%)
1980 - 90s 2000
API Gr I 75-85 50-60
API Gr II 10-15 30-40
Others 1-2 5-10
Lesser availability of lube bearing crude
Better fuel economy, improved
performance and extended drainage
Impact on environment
Haldia Refinery
ADDITIVES
Required to impart or enhance desired
properties of oils.
Dispersants
Detergents
Oxidation inhibitors
Rust and corrosion inhibitors
Viscosity Index improvers
Pour Point depressants
Foam Inhibitors
Anti-wear Agents/Friction modifiers
Haldia Refinery
LOBS Manufacture by HydroProcessing
Alternative Route-I
V
a
c
u
u
m

d
i
s
t
i
l
l
a
t
i
o
n

Propane
De-Asphalting
Gas
Naphtha
Kero
Diesel
RCO
Vacuum
Distillates
Waxy
Raffinate
De-waxed oils
VGO
KV,
Flash Point
VI, CCR Pour Point
Colour &
Stability
L
u
b
e

H
y
d
r
o
T
r
e
a
t
e
r

150N
500N
150BS

C
a
t
a
l
y
t
i
c

D
e
w
a
x
i
n
g

U
n
i
t

70N/100N
Gr-II LOBS

H
y
d
r
o
F
i
n
i
s
h
i
n
g

U
n
i
t

Haldia Refinery
LOBS Manufacture by HydroProcessing
Alternative Route-II
V
a
c
u
u
m

d
i
s
t
i
l
l
a
t
i
o
n

Propane
De-Asphalting
Gas
Naphtha
Kero
Diesel
RCO
Vacuum
Distillates
De-waxed oils
VGO
KV,
Flash Point
VI, CCR Pour Point
Colour &
Stability
H
y
d
r
o

C
r
a
c
k
e
r

150N
500N
150BS

C
a
t
a
l
y
t
i
c

D
e
w
a
x
i
n
g

U
n
i
t

70N/100N
Gr-II LOBS

H
y
d
r
o
F
i
n
i
s
h
i
n
g

U
n
i
t

Vacuum
Distilled
HydroCrac
kate
Residue
Haldia Refinery
Haldia Refinery
FUNCTIONS OF LUBRICATING OIL
REDUCE FRICTION &WEAR
PREVENT SCUFFING & SEIZURE OF MOVING PARTS.
REMOVE HEAT FROM CONTACT SURFACE.
PREVENT RUST & CORROSION.
PREVENT EXCESSIVE DEPOSITS & SLUDGE FORMATION
DISPERSION OF GENERATED CONTAMINANTS
MAINTENANCE OF WATER SEPARABILITY & EMULSIBILITY
MAINTENANCE OF SEALING IN CRITICAL PARTS.
MAINTENANCE OF RESISTANCE TO DEGRADATION IN
PRESENCE OF OXYGEN & CATALYTIC MATERIALS.
Haldia Refinery
Haldia Refinery
Vacuum Distillation Unit PFD
(preheat and product cooling section )

P-1/1R
B-1
E-121
E-1A
E-1B
E-1C
E-1D
E-2A
E-2B
E-2C
E-123
E-127
E-14A/B
E-6A
E-6B
E-6C
E-4B
E-4A
E-122A/B
E-7
E-9
E-11
RCO Ex tanks
LO Ex P-5/5R
GO Ex P-3/3R
SO Ex P-7/7R
PA Ex P-6/6R
IO Ex P-12/12R
HO Ex P-8/7R
SR Ex P-10/10R
H-1A H-1B
DM water
To VB steam
header
CW
To TK-761
GO to R/D
GO to top reflux
CW
CW
CW
CW
RCO to P-113/113R suction
SO to R/D
E-10
TW
E-125A/B
IO to R/D
HO to R/D
TW
TW
TW
SR to R/D
E-126A/B
E-124A/B
Pump Around To # 18 of C-1
IO to VBU
FC-21
LO R/D
To Tar
To VBU
FC-15
FC-19
FC-23A
FC-22
To HSD
To Tar
To TK-761
To VBU
FC-25
FC-24
FC-27
FC-26
To R/D
To VBU
FC-12
FC-28
LC-02
TC-06
Vac slop to PDA
Vac slop Ex P-9/9R
HO Ex P-8/7R
To PDA
To VBU
Bot quench
Haldia Refinery
Haldia Refinery
(furnace and fractionator circuit)
F-1
P-113/113R
SR to E-11
R
C
O

e
x

F
-
1
/
F
-
2

CW
To Ejectors
VS STEAM
GO as reflux
ex E-2A/B/C
#1
#4
#5
#8
#12
#16
#19
#22
#26
C-1
F-2
Burners
Fuel gas
IFO supply
IFO return
Atomising steam
Fuel gas
IFO supply
IFO return
Atomising steam
RCO Ex E-11
P-10/10R
#4
#1
#1
#1
#1
#4
#4
#4
P-8/7R
P-12/12R
P-5/5R
P-7/7R
HO draw
IO draw
LO draw
PA draw
SO draw
GO draw
SR draw
P-9/9R
Vac slop to E-9
Over Flash
HO Ex P-8/7R
as Demister Wash
Bot Quench Ex H-1A/B
Burners
Furnace recycle Ex p-9/9r
VB steam
VS steam
VB steam
VS steam
Turbulising
steam
Turbulising
steam
T
u
r
b
u
l
i
s
i
n
g

s
t
e
a
m

T
u
r
b
u
l
i
s
i
n
g

s
t
e
a
m

Combustion air
Ex APH
C
o
m
b
u
s
t
i
o
n

a
i
r

E
x

A
P
H

P-6/6R
E-6A/B/C
P-3/3R
E-128A/B
GO to E-1A/B/C/D
SO toE-123
VS steam
VS steam
VS steam
VS steam
LO to E-121
IO to E-7
HO to E-9
LC-101
LC-03
FC-11
LC-04
LC-05
FC-10B
FC-13
FC-12
FC-10A
FC-10B
FC-4
FC-5
FC-8
FC-9
FC-102
PC-06 HV-01
DPC-03
FC-209
FC-216
FC-217
FC-201
FC-202
C-105
C-2
C-3
C-4
Haldia Refinery
Vacuum System

E-128A
CW
#19
#22
#26
E-128B
E-129
E-130
31C-1
Cooling Water Inlet Header
Cooling Water
Return Header
VM Steam to Ejectors
PEJ
SEJ
B-2
B-7
seal pot
Vent
oil
water
Barometric legs
P-101/101R
P-102/102R
B-3
coaleser
Hot well gas oil to HSD pool
Hot well water to OWS/ Desalter
Hot well
PC-05
PC-121
VB steam
DM water
P-114A/B/C
E-116A/B/C
E-124A/B/C
E-126A/B
E-125A/B
E-10
Tempered water circuit
B-105
SR
HO
IO
Vac
Slop
CW
Tempered water
CW
CW
CW
CW
Haldia Refinery
To vacuum compressor
suction via B-12A/B
Feed to DP Chiller
Train series -1
Feed to 6 series of
parallel DP Chiller
Trains.
Feed Ex parallel
DP chiller
series 2-7
Sec Dil to DP chiller
series 2-7
Filtrate to DP Exchangers
of Chiller series 2-7
Filtrate Ex DP Exchangers
of Chiller series 2-7
SDA Dosing
Wax injection
P-1/I
P-1/II
B-1
B-2
S-1
B-3a
P-3/I
VB Steam
Secondary Dilution solvent
Tertiary
Dil solvent
Cold wash
solvent
Hot wash
solvent
Feed Ex tanks
M
Solvent Ex B-8 / B-9

E-1/I
E-1/II
E-2/I
E-2/II LR-1A LR-1B LA-1B
LA-1A LA-1C
E-4A
E-4B
E-4C E-4D
E-3A/B
E-3C
E-18
To S-2
to S-11
From S-2
to S-11
Wax-mix Ex
P-3/II-XI
P-2/2R
E-31
VM steam
B-7
Wax-mix to
solvent recovery
P-8/8R
To B-11
Purging
Blowing
Seal pot
B-20A
Filtrate
VB stm
VB stm
CW
CW
Filtrate
DWO-Mix to solvent recovery
P-4/5/5R
P
r
i
m
a
r
y

D
i
l
u
t
i
o
n

s
o
l
v
e
n
t

K-3A/B/C
B-24
B-25
B-3.11
B-3.8
E-3.6A/B/C
E-3.7A/B/C
E-3.9
E-3.12
Sub cooler
Sub cooler
B-3.10
L
i
q
u
i
d

A
m
m
o
n
i
a

B-26
Liquid Ammonia
To/From storage
Drain
from B-3.8
To Aux comp suction/
From Discharge
Drain from chillers
and E-4A-D
Liquid Ammonia
from storage
To Aux comp
suction
B-15
From Aux comp
discharge
Ammonia vapors
to consumers
L
i
q
u
i
d

A
m
m
o
n
i
a

Vapour Ammonia
Vapour Ammonia
VB Steam
FILTRATION & CHILLING SECTION OF SOLVENT DEWAXING UNIT
Haldia Refinery
Haldia Refinery
PAGE:1 of 3
Feed to Unit
E-1
E-2
E-2A/B
LC-01
C-1
C-2
CW
Steam
CW
Atm
J-1
#1
VM steam
Ex P-8/8R
or P-9/9R
To E-13b
or E-8
VS steam
33P-1/1R
33P-2/2R
E-15
CW
#3
To P-3/2R via B-1
To E-4A/B O/L
E-3
CW
TC-12
E-9
P-6/6R
E-8
CW
E-10B
B-11
Ex P-12B
Raffinate Mix
Extract Mix to C-5
Via E-10A
Furfural Ex C-9 Bot
P-11/11R
FURFURAL EXTRACTION UNIT
Extractor Section

Haldia Refinery
Haldia Refinery
FURFURAL EXTRACTION UNIT (U-33)
Solvent Drying section

PAGE:3 of 3
P-10/10R
VB steam
P-12A/10R
P-4/4R
P-11/11R
B-3
B-2
B-4
E-5
E-6
E-14
CW
CW
CW
CW
CW
C-9
C-10
To C-2
Furfural To C-2
Ex C-5 liquid
Ex C-6 liquid
Ex C-5 Vap
Ex C-6 Vap
#13
#7
#6
#1
#18
#1
Ex C-3
Ex C-7
Ex C-4
Ex C-8
steam
steam
To seal pot
To ETP
Haldia Refinery
Haldia Refinery
Solvent Ex P-5A/B
NMP EXTRACTION UNIT (U-38)
Extraction and Raffinate-Mix Section
PAGE:1 of 2
Feed to Unit
Ex Tanks
E-1A/B
E-1C
LC-1101
C-2
CW
VM steam
Extract R/D
Ex P-9A/B
44P-101A/B
38P-2A/B
P-10A/B
E-17
CW
V-7
E-7A/B/C
E-18
V-6
P-3A/B
CW
E-3A/B
C-1
#10
#1
TC-1102 FC-1101
TC-1202 FC-1202
FC-1201
TC-1201
To V-14
PC-1210
Reflux to C-5/6/7/8/9
FC-1203
IG
PC-1201
PC-1209
TC-1101
E-2 A/B
LP steam
V-8
Ex C-10 Top
IG
Water injection
Ex v-4/ v-10
Inert gas
V-1
CW
To V-14
F-2
P-4A/B
P-6A/B
E-4
E-24
E-6
CW
To V-5
E-5A-D
C-3
C-4
E-13
CW
To V-9

F
C
-
1
4
0
1
B

#1
#20
#16
#1
Reflux Ex P-4A/B
LC 1601
FC-1603
# 4
OWS
#1
#7

F
C
-
1
4
0
1
A

E -14
HP Steam
Extract-Mix To C-5
Haldia Refinery
Haldia Refinery
NMP EXTRACTION UNIT (U-38)
Extract -Mix and Solvent Drying Section
C-8
C-9
F-1
P-9A/B
P-8A/B
CW
TW
E-11
Deareator feed Ex 44P-101
E-8
E-9A/B
Extract R/D
C-5
C-6
C-7
E-20
P-18A/B
E-1A/B
E-
Extract
recycle
P-11A/B
E-23
A/B/C
P-12A/B
V-9
J-002
V-5
PAGE:2 of 2
P-7A/B
V-4
E-15
C-10
#27
#10
#7
#5
#1
38PC-1806
Ex C-3 Top
Ex C-4 Top
J-001
A B A B
E-22A
E-22B E-21A E-21B
CW
MP Steam
V-10
P-15A/B
Water Injection to E-17 / V-4
P-13A/B
E-16
HP Steam
T-2A/B
Slop Tks
To Solvent Manifold
To Slop Manifold
V-14
CBD P-17A/B
P-20
P-5A/B
#20
#1
#4
To V-8
PC-1805
FC-1801
T-1A/B
Solv Tks
P-21A/B
CW
E-12
Haldia Refinery
E-5A/B
E-7A/B/C/D
DWO-Mix
Ex E-3C
Wax-Mix
Ex P-8/R/RR
C-5
C-1
C-2 C-3
C-4
C-10
#30
#12
#7
#1
C-8
B-11
E-15A/B/D
E-17A/C
VS steam
VS steam
E-30
V
B

s
t
e
a
m

VS steam
C-6
C-7
C-105
E-12
E-9
E-14
E-111
E-17B
E-16 E-6
CW
DWO R/D
Sl Wax to FCCU
VM steam
V
M

s
t
e
a
m

E-17D
E-15C
B-8 B-9
P-4/5/5R
Dry solvent
to re-use
P-11/11R
P-20A/B
P-21A/B
P-7/7R
P-109/109R
P-9/9R
P-10/10R
CW
CW
CW
CW
E-8A/B/C/D
E-13
VM steam
VM steam
P-6/6R
VB Stm
IFO
Slop
TK 763
Slop
TK 869/871
F
o
o
t
s

o
i
l

E
x

C
-
1
0
4

b
o
t

Foots oil Ex C-104 bot
SOLVENT RECOVERY SECTION OF SOLVENT DE-WAXING UNIT
Haldia Refinery
Haldia Refinery
B-14
34-T-1
34-T-1
B-16a
B-16b
inert gas to blanketing header for
vessel blanketing in SDU
B-12a B-12b
B-2
filtrate vessel
knock out
drums
B-13
K-1a
K-1b
E-19
E-20a
E-20b
Liq NH3
Liq NH3
cw
cw
cw
M
M
I G to Filters Hood
I G to B-1
I G to Filters Blowing
I G to FEU,SDU for purging
Separator
Funnel
DPIC-01
DICV-04-2
DICV-04-1
To B-2 To B-5
PSA N2
storage
vessel
N2 Ex PSA
INERT GAS GENERATION AND DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM IN SOLVENT DE-WAXING UNIT
Haldia Refinery
Haldia Refinery
PROPANE DE-ASPHALTING UNIT

PAGE:1 of 1
Feed to Unit
Ex 44-700 P-1/1R/101
C-1A/B/C
&
C-101
F-1
E-112A/B
C-110
C-108
E-121A/B
T
M
MX-01
MX-3/4
MX-02
FC
E-10
V
B

S
t
e
a
m

P-5
P-110A-F
B-1/2
Propane vessel
K-1/1R
B-3
C-7
C-6
C-4
C-5
C-2
P-3/3R
P-103A/B
DAO R/d
P-4/4R
E-6A/A1-I/I1
&
E106A-C
E-107
E-114A-C
TW
V
B

S
t
e
a
m

V
M

S
t
e
a
m

E - 8
E - 4
CW
E-120A
CW
CW or
ETP Water
Local drain
E-115 CW
To Slop
V
M

S
t
e
a
m

Flare
E-9
E-109
CW
CW
PC-2A
Asphalt
to VBU
Asphalt to TPS
Asphalt to BTU
FC-16
MHP Steam
P-102A/B/C
E
-
1
1
6

E-117
CW
PC
CW
LC
LC
LC
LC
LC
LC
LC
P
r
o
p
a
n
e

S
o
l
v
e
n
t

Haldia Refinery
B-10
Feed
P-1A/B
E-6A/B
Ex C-3 bot R/D
R/D cooler
E-5
FC-03
TC-03
TC-01
E-1A/B/C
F-1
R-1
B-2
B-3
C-1
E-2
CW
B-9
LC-02
LC-05
LC-03
PC-03
Off gas to fuel gas
K-2A/B/C
Rich amine
P-6A/B/106
To B-4
Page 1 of 2
Recycle gas H2
Make up
gas H2
K-1A/B
B-1
E-8
CW
To fuel gas
PC-01
PFD of Hydrofinishing Unit
Lean amine
Haldia Refinery
Haldia Refinery
FURFURAL EXTRACTION UNIT (U-33)
Solvent Recovery

PAGE:2 of 3
C-3
C-4
C-5
C-6
C-7
C-8
F-1
F-2
P-3/2R
P-5/5R
P-9/9R
P-7/7R
B-1
E-4A/B
E-5
E-6A/B
E-7
CW
CW
CW
CW
CW
CW
E-6A/B
E-5
DM water
Steam to F-1/F-2
E-10A
E-11
E-12
To C-9
To C-9
To C-9
Extract R/D
To B-2
To B-3
To B-2
To B-3
Raff mix
Ex C-2 top
Inert gas
Extract Mix
Ex C-2 bot
Via E-9
PC-3
Haldia Refinery
B-4
E-7
B-8
B-5
B-6
C-2
C-3
P-2A/B
E-6A/B
E-5
Feed Ex P-1A/B
To E-1A/B/C s/s
CW
Stripping steam
E-4
CW
E-3
CW
VM steam
PC-04
To fuel gas
LC-06
LC-08
LC-11
LC-18
To drain
drain to Sour Water
Product R/D
LC-09
Page 2 of 2
To F-1
#15
#1
CW
From B-2 / B-3
bottom
Lube Hydrofinishing unit
Haldia Refinery
HydroTreatment Reactions

Removal of impurities:
Hydro-desulfurization (HDS)
Hydro-denitrification (HDN)
Removal of metals Ni, V (HDM)
Improvement in quality
Hydrogenation of Olefins (HDO)
Hydrogenation of aromatics mono & poly (HDA)
Value addition thru increase in H:C ratio; Improvement in
CCR(%wt.), VI (in case of lube base stock processing)
All these desirable HDT reactions are exothermic
Haldia Refinery
HydroTreatment Operating
Parameters

-Primary
H
2
Partial Pressure
Temperature
LHSV
Secondary
Recycle gas rate
H
2
S partial pressure

Haldia Refinery
Hydro Treatment Operating Parameters
Hydrogen Partial Pr.

Also called Cold Hydrogen Partial Pressure. Not a direct operating
variable; fixed at the time of design
Defined as the partial pressure of hydrogen in gas phase at the
outlet of last reactor.
Under normal operation, depends on:
Total pressure maintained at the HP Separator
Controlled by: Intake of fresh make/up hydrogen in balance with
hydrogen consumed in reaction and purged from the system to
maintain recycle gas purity
Recycle gas purity
Depends on non-condensable components generated in rxn. which
needs to be purged from recycle gas from Recycle Compressor
suction
Haldia Refinery
Hydro Treatment Operating Parameters
LHSV

Liquid Hourly Space Velocity: m
3
of fresh feed (at 15C) per hour per m
3
pf
catalyst
Significance:
Lower LHSV at design feed rate
Allows greater residence time / contacting time of feed in catalyst.
Lesser temperature requirement for same extent of reaction. More
cycle life
Requires higher catalyst & reactor volume higher initial investment
In operation:
Will change with change in feed rate
For consistent product quality, to be compensated by adjusting
reactor temperature
Temperature adjustment with change in LHSV as per correlation
specified by licensor.

Haldia Refinery
HydroTreatment Operating Parameters:Temperature

Temperature - main control variable
Most sensitive effect on reaction severity
Greater variability as compared to other parameters provided by unit design
Action on chemical reactions:
From a kinetic point of view, when temperature increases, the rate of all the
chemical reactions increases, i.e. both the desirable and the undesirable reactions.
From a thermodynamic point of view, desirable reactions are exothermic, thus
favored by a decrease in temperature
Reactions that break carbon-heteroatom bonds (HDS, HDN, HDM) can be
complete under appropriate conditions
Olefin hydrogenation, though reversible, can also be complete under appropriate
conditions
Aromatic saturation is reversible and can reach thermodynamic equilibrium
Rise in temperature beyond certain point leads to dehydrogenation rate surpassing
hydrogenation rate increase in aromatic concentration
Limiting temperature can be shifted to higher level by increasing H2 partial
pressure
Haldia Refinery
HydroTreatment Operating Parameters
Temperature
Temperature Limit for Hydrogenation of Aromatics

250
300 350
400
%

a
r
o
m
a
t
i
c
s

i
n

H
D
T

p
r
o
d
u
c
t

Temperature (C)
Monoaromatics
Di aromatics
Poly Aromatics
(Gas oil on NiMo/alumina, P
H2
=60bar)
Haldia Refinery
Haldia Refinery
Temperature

Interbed
Quench
T
Reactor inlet temp.
Fuel
T
T
T
Reactor feed
Reactor product
Reactor temperature
control: Factors:
Furnace outlet /
Reactor inlet
temperature
Bed delta T
Weighted
Average Bed
Temperature
(WABT / WART)
Inter-bed quench

Rx Heater
o/l temp
Bed
del T
Haldia Refinery
Haldia Refinery
Temperature
Reactor temperature control
Weighted Average Bed Temperature (WABT / WART)
Convenient single point target parameter

Haldia Refinery
Haldia Refinery
Temperature

Reactor temperature control
WABT / WART controlled by simultaneous control of
Reactor inlet temperature
Individual bed inlet temperature by regulation of inter bed
quench
Additional guidelines:
Under normal steady operations, keep the reactor bed outlet
temperatures equal for all beds to get better catalyst life.
This may require different inlet temperature for different beds;
Greater exothermicity in inlet bed hence lower inlet temp for
that bed.
Max. allowable delta T across bed specified by designer,
normally not more than 20C

Haldia Refinery
Haldia Refinery
Catalyst Ageing

Catalyst deactivation / aging:
SOR Start of run &
EOR End of run temperatures are specified by tech. licensor /
catalyst vendor.
Graphical monitoring of progress of reactor temperature on daily
basis required to estimate extent of aging of catalyst
Actual operating temperatures are normalized for feed
quality, tput and product quality variations and plotted
against time
Useful for predicting regeneration or catalyst replacement
requirement; to know about sudden loss of activity due to
process upset

Haldia Refinery
Haldia Refinery
ReCycle Gas rate

Expressed as ratio of Normal cubic meters of hydrogen recycled
(excluding quench) to volumetric flow rate of feed in cubic meter at
15C
Significance:
Maintains adequate H
2
partial pressure
Generates turbulence required for proper contacting of feed with
catalyst and for better heat transfer in exchangers and heaters
Absorbs reaction heat from exothermic rxns; moderates delta T
across cat. bed. Gives better cycle life of catalyst
Requirement higher for heavier feeds

Haldia Refinery
Haldia Refinery
HydroTreatment :Other Operating
Parameters

Wash water injection
H
2
S & NH
3
generated from HDT rxn react to form NH4SH type salts which get
deposited in cold parts of recycle loop, especially air cooler tubes
To be washed with water injected at air cooler inlet
Wash water injection at least 5 wt % of feed and ammonium salt conc. In HP
separator boot water not to exceed 4% from corrosion consideration
Amine absorption
Steady amine flow rate and concentration to be maintained for effective control over
recycle gas H
2
S content
Lower amine temp favors better H
2
S absorption, but may also cause hydrocarbon
condensation which leads to foaming in absorber
Optimum amine supply temperature to absorber column = 10C less than Gas inlet
temp.
Periodic skimming of accumulated oil in absorber bottom to be done to prevent
foaming. Foaming in absorber is indicated by sudden fluctuation in column pressure
drop

Haldia Refinery
Haldia Refinery
HydroTreatment :Quality
Parameters

Product compositional characteristics:
Sulfur content
Nitrogen content Feed to HDW
Metal content
Aromatics content
Other characteristics
CCR
Viscosity Index of finished Lube Base Oil

Haldia Refinery

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