Lecture Overview

Labour Legislations

Contract Appointment

Working Hours and Conditions

Leaves and Holidays

Children Employment

Labour Disputes

Equal Employment Practices in Pakistan



















LABOUR LAW
Mediates the relationship between workers (employees),
employers, trade unions and the government. Collective labour
law relates to the tripartite relationship between employee,
employer and union. Individual labour law concerns employees'
rights at work and through the contract for work. Employment
standards are social norms (in some cases also
technical standards) for the minimum socially acceptable
conditions under which employees or contractors are allowed to
work



















HISTORY

Labour law arose in parallel with the Industrial
Revolution as the relationship between worker and
employer changed from small-scale production studios
to large-scale factories. As England was the first country
to industrialize, it was also the first to face consequences
of capitalistic exploitation in a totally unregulated
economic framework.
INTERNATIONAL LABOUR LAW

The labour movement has long been concerned that
economic globalization would weaken worker bargaining power, as their
employers could hire workers abroad to avoid domestic labour standards.


Karl Marx said:


The extension of the principle of free trade, which induces between
nations such a competition that the interest of the workman is liable to be
lost sight of and sacrificed in the fierce international race between
capitalists, demands that such organizations [unions] should be still
further extended and made international.







INTERNATIONAL LABOUR ORGANIZATION (ILO)

Following World War 1, ILO Founded on the Principle of
Labour is Not a Commodity For the reason that Peace can be
established only if it is based upon social justice



WORLD TRADE ORGANIZATION (WTO)

Because ILO Enforcement mechanism are weak, incorporating
labour standards in the WTO operations has been proposed.








WORK IN MULTIPLE COUNTRIES

For example: in a UK labour law case, Ravat v Halliburton Manufacturing and Services
Ltd Ravat was from the UK but was employed in Libya by a German company that was
part of Halliburton. He was dismissed by a supervisor based in Egypt. He was told he
would be hired under UK law terms and conditions, and this was arranged by a staffing
department in Aberdeen. Under the UK Employment Rights Act 1996 he would have a
right to claim unfair dismissal, but the Act left open the question of the statute's
territorial scope. The UK Supreme Court held that the principle would be that an
expatriate worker, would be subject to UK rules if the worker could show a "close
connection" to the UK, which was found in Rabat's case.






LABOUR LAW IN PAKISTAN


















The Constitution of Pakistan

Part II: Fundamental Rights and Principles of Policy.

Article 11 of the Constitution prohibits all forms of slavery, forced labour and
child labour;

Article 17 provides for a fundamental right to exercise the freedom of association
and the right to form unions;

Article 18 proscribes the right of its citizens to enter upon any lawful profession
or occupation and to conduct any lawful trade or business;

Article 25 lays down the right to equality before the law and prohibition of
discrimination on the grounds of sex alone;

Article 37(e) makes provision for securing just and humane conditions of work,
ensuring that children and women are not employed in vocations unsuited to their
age or sex, and for maternity benefits for women in employment.
LABOUR LEGISILATIONS



CONTRACT OF EMPLOYMENT



TERMINATION OF THE CONTRACT

WORKING HOURS

PAID LEAVE

MATERNITY LEAVE AND MATERNITY PROTECTION

OTHER LEAVE ENTITLEMENTS

MINIMUM AGE AND PROTECTION OF YOUNG WORKERS

EQUALITY

PAY ISSUES

WORKERS REPRESENTATION IN ENTERPRISE


TRADE UNION ANF EMPLOYERS ASSOCIATION REGULATION


FREEDOM OF ASSOCIATION


REGISTRATION OF TRADE UNIONS


COLLECTIVE BARGAINING AND AGREEMENTS



COLLECTIVE LABOUR DISPUTES


COMMENCEMENT OF A DISPUTE


CONCILIATION


ARBITRATION



STRIKE AND LOCK-OUTS


PROCEEDINGS OF STRIKES AND LOCK-OUTS


ILLEAGLE STRIKES AND LOCK-OUTS


SETTLEMENT OF INDIVIDUAL LABOUR DISPUTES


LABOUR COURTS








References:
http://www.labourunity.org/labourlaws.htm
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Labour_law